Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran.
Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2017 May 1;74:177-185. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.11.114. Epub 2016 Dec 5.
We have synthesized graphene oxide using improved Hummer's method in order to explore the potential use of the resulting graphene oxide as a nanocarrier for an active anticancer agent, chlorogenic acid (CA). The synthesized graphene oxide and chlorogenic acid-graphene oxide nanocomposite (CAGO) were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and differential thermogravimetry analysis, Raman spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), UV-vis spectroscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) techniques. The successful conjugation of chlorogenic acid onto graphene oxide through hydrogen bonding and π-π interaction was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, FTIR analysis and X-ray diffraction patterns. The loading of CA in the nanohybrid was estimated to be around 13.1% by UV-vis spectroscopy. The release profiles showed favourable, sustained and pH-dependent release of CA from CAGO nanocomposite and conformed well to the pseudo-second order kinetic model. Furthermore, the designed anticancer nanohybrid was thermally more stable than its counterpart. The in vitro cytotoxicity results revealed insignificant toxicity effect towards normal cell line, with a viability of >80% even at higher concentration of 50μg/mL. Contrarily, CAGO nanocomposite revealed enhanced toxic effect towards evaluated cancer cell lines (HepG2 human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, A549 human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line, and HeLa human cervical cancer cell line) compared to its free form.
我们使用改进的 Hummer 法合成了氧化石墨烯，以探索所得氧化石墨烯作为一种纳米载体用于活性抗癌剂绿原酸（CA）的潜在用途。使用傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱、热重和差示热重分析、拉曼光谱、粉末 X 射线衍射（PXRD）、紫外可见光谱和高分辨率透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）技术对合成的氧化石墨烯和绿原酸-氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料（CAGO）进行了表征。通过拉曼光谱、FTIR 分析和 X 射线衍射图谱证实了绿原酸通过氢键和π-π相互作用成功接枝到氧化石墨烯上。通过紫外可见光谱估计 CA 在纳米杂化物中的负载量约为 13.1%。释放曲线表明，CAGO 纳米复合材料具有良好的、持续的和 pH 依赖性的 CA 释放，符合伪二级动力学模型。此外，设计的抗癌纳米杂化物比其对应物在热稳定性方面更优。体外细胞毒性结果表明，即使在较高浓度 50μg/mL 下，对正常细胞系也没有明显的毒性作用，细胞活力>80%。相比之下，CAGO 纳米复合材料对评估的癌细胞系（HepG2 人肝癌细胞系、A549 人肺腺癌细胞系和 HeLa 人宫颈癌细胞系）的毒性作用明显增强，与游离形式相比。
