Flores Byron J, Pérez-Sánchez Tania, Fuertes Héctor, Sheleby-Elías Jessica, Múzquiz José Luis, Jirón William, Duttmann Christianne, Halaihel Nabil
Department of Animal Health, Centro Veterinario de Diagnóstico e Investigación (CEVEDI), School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-León, Carretera a la Ceiba 1 Km al Este, León, Nicaragua.
Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.
Acta Trop. 2017 Jun;170:79-84. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.02.031. Epub 2017 Feb 28.
Leptospirosis is one of the most extended zoonosis worldwide and humans become infected most commonly through contact with the urine of carrier animals, either directly or via contaminated water or soil. The aim in this study was to analyse the epidemiological behaviour of Leptospira spp., from domestic animals around the sites of human leptospirosis cases in Nicaragua, from 2007 through 2013. We report the results of a cross-sectional epidemiological study with a non-probability sampling of blood (n=3050) and urine (n=299) from Domestic Animals (DA) around the sites of human leptospirosis cases in Nicaragua. We analysed data obtained through Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT), in-vitro culture, real time PCR and sequencing of lfb1 locus. Frequencies of 30.31% (95% CI: 28.66-31.95) and 15.38% (95% CI: 11.12-19.64) were obtained from serological test and from in-vitro culture, respectively. Although similar frequencies from serology test (P≥0.05) were found in DA species, in-vitro culture frequencies were significantly higher from bovine, equine and sheep (P<0.05) in comparison with swine and canine species. Ten serogroups of pathogenic Leptospira spp. were encountered, with the highest presence of Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup 34.65% (95% CI: 29.35-39.94). We identified 7 samples homologous to L. interrogans species Pyrogenes serovar and 3 samples as L. noguchii Louisiana or Panama serovars by analysis of lfb1 sequences. We were able to establish a temporal and spatial correlation from DA and cumulative incidence of human cases. Therefore an effective epidemiological surveillance should be implemented with a specific control program toward DA in order to reduce human leptospirosis incidence.
钩端螺旋体病是全球分布最广泛的人畜共患病之一，人类最常通过直接接触或经由受污染的水或土壤接触携带动物的尿液而感染。本研究的目的是分析2007年至2013年尼加拉瓜人类钩端螺旋体病病例所在地周围家畜中钩端螺旋体属的流行病学行为。我们报告了一项横断面流行病学研究的结果，该研究对尼加拉瓜人类钩端螺旋体病病例所在地周围家畜的血液（n = 3050）和尿液（n = 299）进行了非概率抽样。我们分析了通过显微镜凝集试验（MAT）、体外培养、实时聚合酶链反应和lfb1基因座测序获得的数据。血清学检测和体外培养的频率分别为30.31%（95%可信区间：28.66 - 31.95）和15.38%（95%可信区间：11.12 - 19.64）。虽然在家畜物种中血清学检测的频率相似（P≥0.05），但与猪和犬类物种相比，牛、马和羊的体外培养频率显著更高（P<0.05）。共发现了10个致病性钩端螺旋体属血清群，其中出血性黄疸型血清群的占比最高，为34.65%（95%可信区间：29.35 - 39.94）。通过lfb1序列分析，我们鉴定出7个与问号钩端螺旋体致病血清型同源的样本，以及3个作为诺氏钩端螺旋体路易斯安那或巴拿马血清型的样本。我们能够在家畜与人类病例的累积发病率之间建立时间和空间相关性。因此，应实施有效的流行病学监测，并针对家畜制定具体的控制计划，以降低人类钩端螺旋体病的发病率。
