Casey Blathin, Coote Susan, Shirazipour Celina, Hannigan Ailish, Motl Robert, Martin Ginis Kathleen, Latimer-Cheung Amy
Department of Clinical Therapies, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Department of Clinical Therapies, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2017 Jul;98(7):1453-1475. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2017.01.027. Epub 2017 Feb 28.
To synthesize current knowledge of the modifiable psychosocial constructs associated with physical activity (PA) participation in people with multiple sclerosis.
A search was conducted through October 2015 in 8 electronic databases: CINAHL, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Knowledge, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and PsycINFO.
Cohort and intervention studies were included if they (1) included an objective or subjective measure of PA; (2) measured at least 1 modifiable psychosocial construct; and (3) reported bivariate correlations (or these could be extracted) between the PA and psychosocial construct measures. A total of 13,867 articles were screened for inclusion, and 26 were included in the final analysis.
Meta-analyses of correlations were conducted using the Hedges-Olkin method. Where a meta-analysis was not possible, results were reported descriptively.
Meta-analyses indicated a pooled correlation coefficient between (1) objective PA and self-efficacy (n=7) of r=.30 (P<.0001), indicating a moderate, positive association; (2) subjective PA and self-efficacy (n=7) of r=.34 (P<.0001), indicating a moderate, positive association; (3) subjective PA and goal-setting (n=5) of r=.44 (P<.0001), indicating a moderate-to-large positive association; and 4) subjective PA and outcome expectancies (n=4) (physical: r=.13, P=.11; social: r=.19, P<.0001; self-evaluative: r=.27, P<.0001), indicating small-moderate positive associations. Other constructs such as measures of health beliefs, enjoyment, social support, and perceived benefits and barriers were reported to be significantly correlated with PA in individual studies, but the number of studies was not sufficient for a meta-analysis.
Future PA interventions should continue to focus on the psychosocial constructs of self-efficacy and goal-setting. However, there is a need to explore the associations between other constructs outside those reported in this review.
综合当前关于与多发性硬化症患者身体活动（PA）参与相关的可改变心理社会因素的知识。
截至2015年10月，在8个电子数据库中进行了检索：护理学与健康领域数据库（CINAHL）、医学期刊数据库（PubMed）、体育与运动科学数据库（SPORTDiscus）、科学网（Web of Knowledge）、医学文献数据库（MEDLINE）、荷兰医学文摘数据库（EMBASE）、考克兰系统评价数据库（Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews）和心理学文摘数据库（PsycINFO）。
队列研究和干预研究若符合以下条件则纳入：（1）包括PA的客观或主观测量；（2）测量至少1个可改变的心理社会因素；（3）报告PA与心理社会因素测量之间的双变量相关性（或可提取这些相关性）。共筛选了13867篇文章以确定是否纳入，最终分析纳入了26篇。
使用赫奇斯 - 奥尔金方法进行相关性的荟萃分析。若无法进行荟萃分析，则对结果进行描述性报告。
荟萃分析表明，（1）客观PA与自我效能感（n = 7）之间的合并相关系数r = 0.30（P <.0001），表明存在中等程度的正相关；（2）主观PA与自我效能感（n = 7）之间的合并相关系数r = 0.34（P <.0001），表明存在中等程度的正相关；（3）主观PA与目标设定（n = 5）之间的合并相关系数r = 0.44（P <.0001），表明存在中等到较大程度的正相关；以及（4）主观PA与结果期望（n = 4）（身体方面：r = 0.13，P = 0.11；社会方面：r = 0.19，P <.0001；自我评估方面：r = 0.27，P <.0001），表明存在小到中等程度的正相关。在个别研究中，其他因素如健康信念、享受程度、社会支持以及感知到的益处和障碍等测量指标与PA显著相关，但研究数量不足以进行荟萃分析。
未来的PA干预应继续关注自我效能感和目标设定等心理社会因素。然而，有必要探索本综述未报告的其他因素之间的关联。
