Baird Jessica F, Silveira Stephanie L, Motl Robert W
Int J MS Care. 2021 Jan-Feb;23(1):21-25. doi: 10.7224/1537-2073.2019-071. Epub 2020 Feb 14.
The expanding population of older adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) likely experiences many of the same benefits of physical activity (PA) as younger and middle-aged adults with MS. However, participation in PA is exceedingly low in this segment of the MS population. This study examined variables from social cognitive theory (SCT) as correlates of PA in older adults with MS to inform the subsequent development of behavioral interventions.
Older adults with MS (≥60 years of age, N = 180) completed an online survey including demographic and clinical characteristics, SCT variables (exercise self-efficacy, exercise goal setting, social support, and outcome expectations), and PA (total PA [TPA] and moderate-to-vigorous PA [MVPA]).
Bivariate correlation analyses indicated that all SCT variables were significantly associated with TPA and MVPA (all ≤ .001). Hierarchical linear regression analyses indicated that disability status was a significant correlate of TPA ( = -0.48, = 0.23) and MVPA ( = -0.44, = 0.19) in step 1; disability and self-efficacy were significant correlates of TPA (disability = -0.20, self-efficacy = 0.59, = 0.50) and MVPA (disability = -0.16, self-efficacy = 0.60, = 0.47) in step 2; and disability, self-efficacy, and exercise goal setting were significant correlates of TPA (disability = -0.21, self-efficacy = 0.50, exercise goal setting = 0.14, = 0.55) and MVPA (disability = -0.17, self-efficacy = 0.51, exercise goal setting = 0.15, = 0.51) in step 3.
These results suggest that behavioral interventions focusing on self-efficacy and exercise goal setting as targets from SCT may be appropriate for increasing PA in older adults with MS.
与患有多发性硬化症（MS）的年轻和中年成年人一样，不断增加的老年MS患者群体可能也会从体育活动（PA）中获得诸多益处。然而，在MS患者群体的这一细分中，参与体育活动的比例极低。本研究考察了社会认知理论（SCT）中的变量，将其作为老年MS患者体育活动的相关因素，为后续行为干预措施的制定提供依据。
年龄≥60岁的老年MS患者（N = 180）完成了一项在线调查，内容包括人口统计学和临床特征、SCT变量（运动自我效能感、运动目标设定、社会支持和结果期望）以及体育活动（总体育活动量[TPA]和中等至剧烈体育活动量[MVPA]）。
双变量相关分析表明，所有SCT变量均与TPA和MVPA显著相关（均≤.001）。分层线性回归分析表明，在第1步中，残疾状况是TPA（β = -0.48，R² = 0.23）和MVPA（β = -0.44，R² = 0.19）的显著相关因素；在第2步中，残疾和自我效能感是TPA（残疾β = -0.20，自我效能感β = 0.59，R² = 0.50）和MVPA（残疾β = -0.16，自我效能感β = 0.60，R² = 0.47）的显著相关因素；在第3步中，残疾、自我效能感和运动目标设定是TPA（残疾β = -0.21，自我效能感β = 0.50，运动目标设定β = 0.14，R² = 0.55）和MVPA（残疾β = -0.17，自我效能感β = 0.51，运动目标设定β = 0.15，R² = 0.51）的显著相关因素。
这些结果表明，以社会认知理论中的自我效能感和运动目标设定为靶点的行为干预措施，可能适合于增加老年MS患者的体育活动量。
