Wang Haixia, Huang Zhonghua, Wu Zhaoxia, Qi Xulin, Lin Dongfang
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinshan branch of Shanghai sixth people's hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201500, China.
Department of Traditional Medicine, Jinshan branch of Shanghai sixth people's hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201500, China.
New Microbiol. 2017 Apr;40(2):113-118. Epub 2017 Mar 3.
The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for vaginitis, the proportion of pathogens, and cognition of reproductive age patients on the harmful effects of vaginitis, its risk factors, and treatment. This retrospective study enrolled 6,150 patients admitted to the Shanghai Jinshan Central Hospital from 2011 to 2015 with a chief complaint of abnormal vaginal discharge. A questionnaire was designed to survey the cognition of patients on the harmful effects of vaginitis. Routine gynecological examinations and laboratory tests were performed and the risk factors for contracting vaginitis were analyzed by multifactor logistic regression analysis. The positive pathogen rate was 65.63% (4,036/6,150). Trichomonas infections were diagnosed in 1,416 (35.08%) cases including 761 (18.86%) cases of single trichomonas infections, which was significantly higher than the proportion of any other single pathogen infection (P<0.05). From 2011 to 2015, trichomoniasis and chlamydia infections decreased, but bacteria, candida and mycoplasma infections increased. The questionnaire survey showed a low cognition level on iatrogenic and mother-to-child transmission of vaginal infections as well as the risk of ectopic pregnancy and infertility, and on how to prevent vaginal infections. Logistic multifactor regression analysis revealed that advanced age, a low educational level, farmers, childbearing history and a low income were the risk factors for vaginitis. Women of reproductive age showed a high rate of vaginal infections and more attention should be paid to women with a low education level and income to reduce the incidence of vaginal infections in this population.
本研究旨在确定阴道炎的患病率、危险因素、病原体比例，以及育龄患者对阴道炎有害影响、其危险因素和治疗的认知情况。这项回顾性研究纳入了2011年至2015年因阴道分泌物异常为主诉入住上海金山中心医院的6150例患者。设计了一份问卷来调查患者对阴道炎有害影响的认知。进行了常规妇科检查和实验室检测，并通过多因素逻辑回归分析来分析患阴道炎的危险因素。病原体阳性率为65.63%（4036/6150）。滴虫感染诊断为1416例（35.08%），其中单纯滴虫感染761例（18.86%），显著高于任何其他单一病原体感染的比例（P<0.05）。2011年至2015年，滴虫病和衣原体感染减少，但细菌、念珠菌和支原体感染增加。问卷调查显示，患者对阴道感染的医源性传播、母婴传播以及异位妊娠和不孕风险，以及如何预防阴道感染的认知水平较低。多因素逻辑回归分析显示，高龄、低学历、农民、生育史和低收入是患阴道炎的危险因素。育龄女性阴道感染率较高，应更加关注低学历和低收入女性，以降低该人群阴道感染的发生率。
