神经系统中的水通道蛋白

Aquaporins in Nervous System.

作者信息

Xu Mengmeng, Xiao Ming, Li Shao, Yang Baoxue

机构信息

Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.

Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.

出版信息

Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;969:81-103. doi: 10.1007/978-94-024-1057-0_5.

DOI:10.1007/978-94-024-1057-0_5

PMID:28258567

Abstract

Aquaporins (AQPs ) mediate water flux between the four distinct water compartments in the central nervous system (CNS). In the present chapter, we mainly focus on the expression and function of the 9 AQPs expressed in the CNS, which include five members of aquaporin subfamily: AQP1, AQP4, AQP5, AQP6, and AQP8; three members of aquaglyceroporin subfamily: AQP3, AQP7, and AQP9; and one member of superaquaporin subfamily: AQP11. In addition, AQP1, AQP2 and AQP4 expressed in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are also reviewed. AQP4, the predominant water channel in the CNS, is involved both in the astrocyte swelling of cytotoxic edema and the resolution of vasogenic edema, and is of pivotal importance in the pathology of brain disorders such as neuromyelitis optica , brain tumors and Alzheimer's disease. Other AQPs are also involved in a variety of important physiological and pathological process in the brain. It has been suggested that AQPs could represent an important target in treatment of brain disorders like cerebral edema. Future investigations are necessary to elucidate the pathological significance of AQPs in the CNS.

摘要

水通道蛋白（AQPs）介导中枢神经系统（CNS）中四个不同水腔室之间的水通量。在本章中，我们主要关注中枢神经系统中表达的9种水通道蛋白的表达和功能，其中包括水通道蛋白亚家族的5个成员：AQP1、AQP4、AQP5、AQP6和AQP8；水甘油通道蛋白亚家族的3个成员：AQP3、AQP7和AQP9；以及超级水通道蛋白亚家族的1个成员：AQP11。此外，还综述了在外周神经系统（PNS）中表达的AQP1、AQP2和AQP4。AQP4是中枢神经系统中主要的水通道，既参与细胞毒性水肿的星形胶质细胞肿胀，也参与血管源性水肿的消退，在视神经脊髓炎、脑肿瘤和阿尔茨海默病等脑部疾病的病理过程中至关重要。其他水通道蛋白也参与大脑中各种重要的生理和病理过程。有人提出，水通道蛋白可能是治疗脑水肿等脑部疾病的重要靶点。未来有必要进行研究以阐明水通道蛋白在中枢神经系统中的病理意义。