Xiao Ming, Hou Jiaoyu, Xu Mengmeng, Li Shao, Yang Baoxue
Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2023;1398:99-124. doi: 10.1007/978-981-19-7415-1_7.
Aquaporins (AQPs) mediate water flux between the four distinct water compartments in the central nervous system (CNS). In the present chapter, we mainly focus on the expression and function of the nine AQPs expressed in the CNS, which include five members of aquaporin subfamily: AQP1, AQP4, AQP5, AQP6, and AQP8; three members of aquaglyceroporin subfamily: AQP3, AQP7, and AQP9; and one member of superaquaporin subfamily: AQP11. In addition, AQP1, AQP2, and AQP4 expressed in the peripheral nervous system are also reviewed. AQP4, the predominant water channel in the CNS, is involved both in the astrocyte swelling of cytotoxic edema and the resolution of vasogenic edema and is of pivotal importance in the pathology of brain disorders such as neuromyelitis optica, brain tumors, and neurodegenerative disorders. Moreover, AQP4 has been demonstrated as a functional regulator of recently discovered glymphatic system that is a main contributor to clearance of toxic macromolecule from the brain. Other AQPs are also involved in a variety of important physiological and pathological process in the brain. It has been suggested that AQPs could represent an important target in treatment of brain disorders like cerebral edema. Future investigations are necessary to elucidate the pathological significance of AQPs in the CNS.
水通道蛋白（AQPs）介导中枢神经系统（CNS）中四个不同水腔室之间的水通量。在本章中，我们主要关注在CNS中表达的九种AQPs的表达和功能，其中包括水通道蛋白亚家族的五个成员：AQP1、AQP4、AQP5、AQP6和AQP8；水甘油通道蛋白亚家族的三个成员：AQP3、AQP7和AQP9；以及超级水通道蛋白亚家族的一个成员：AQP11。此外，还综述了在外周神经系统中表达的AQP1、AQP2和AQP4。AQP4是CNS中主要的水通道，参与细胞毒性水肿的星形胶质细胞肿胀和血管源性水肿的消退，在视神经脊髓炎、脑肿瘤和神经退行性疾病等脑部疾病的病理过程中至关重要。此外，AQP4已被证明是最近发现的类淋巴系统的功能调节因子，该系统是大脑中有毒大分子清除的主要贡献者。其他AQPs也参与大脑中各种重要的生理和病理过程。有人提出，AQPs可能是治疗脑水肿等脑部疾病的重要靶点。未来有必要进行研究以阐明AQPs在CNS中的病理意义。
