Hunt David W, Winters Geoffrey C, Brownsey Roger W, Kulpa Jerzy E, Gilliland Kathryn L, Thiboutot Diane M, Hofland Hans E
Dermira, Inc., Menlo Park, California, USA.
Zymeworks, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
J Invest Dermatol. 2017 Jul;137(7):1415-1423. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.12.031. Epub 2017 Mar 1.
Olumacostat glasaretil (OG) is a small molecule inhibitor of acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase (ACC), the enzyme that controls the first rate-limiting step in fatty acid biosynthesis. Inhibition of ACC activity in the sebaceous glands is designed to substantially affect sebum production, because over 80% of human sebum components contain fatty acids. OG inhibits de novo lipid synthesis in primary and transformed human sebocytes. TrueMass Sebum Panel analyses showed a reduction in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acyl chains across lipid species, including di- and triacylglycerols, phospholipids, cholesteryl esters, and wax esters in OG-treated sebocytes. There was no shift to shorter acyl chain lengths observed, suggesting that the fatty acid chain elongation process was not affected. OG is a pro-drug of the ACC inhibitor 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid and was designed to enhance delivery in vivo. Topical application of OG but not 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid significantly reduced hamster ear sebaceous gland size, indicating that this pro-drug approach was critical to obtain the desired activity in vivo. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses of hamster ear extracts showed that OG treatment increased ACC levels and the ratio of acetyl-CoA to free CoA in these animals, indicating increased fatty acid oxidation. These changes are consistent with ACC inhibition. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging showed that OG applied onto Yorkshire pig ears accumulated in sebaceous glands relative to the surrounding dermis. Sebaceous gland ACC represents an attractive therapeutic target given its central role in formation of sebum, a key factor in acne pathogenesis.
奥卢马科斯塔酯（OG）是一种乙酰辅酶A（CoA）羧化酶（ACC）的小分子抑制剂，ACC是控制脂肪酸生物合成中第一个限速步骤的酶。抑制皮脂腺中的ACC活性旨在显著影响皮脂分泌，因为超过80%的人体皮脂成分含有脂肪酸。OG抑制原代和转化的人皮脂腺细胞中的从头脂质合成。TrueMass皮脂检测分析表明，在经OG处理的皮脂腺细胞中，包括甘油二酯、甘油三酯、磷脂、胆固醇酯和蜡酯在内的各种脂质中的饱和和单不饱和脂肪酰链减少。未观察到酰基链长度向更短方向的转变，这表明脂肪酸链延长过程未受影响。OG是ACC抑制剂5-（十四烷氧基）-2-呋喃甲酸的前体药物，其设计目的是增强体内递送。局部应用OG而非5-（十四烷氧基）-2-呋喃甲酸可显著减小仓鼠耳部皮脂腺大小，表明这种前体药物方法对于在体内获得所需活性至关重要。对仓鼠耳部提取物的高效液相色谱分析表明，OG处理可提高这些动物体内的ACC水平以及乙酰辅酶A与游离辅酶A的比率，表明脂肪酸氧化增加。这些变化与ACC抑制一致。基质辅助激光解吸/电离成像显示，涂抹在约克郡猪耳部的OG相对于周围真皮在皮脂腺中积累。鉴于皮脂腺ACC在皮脂形成中起核心作用，而皮脂是痤疮发病机制中的关键因素，因此它是一个有吸引力的治疗靶点。
