Proserpio Cristina, de Graaf Cees, Laureati Monica, Pagliarini Ella, Boesveldt Sanne
Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, PO Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Physiol Behav. 2017 May 15;174:35-41. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.02.042. Epub 2017 Mar 1.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ambient odor exposure on appetite, salivation and food intake. 32 normal-weight young women (age: 21.4±5.3year; BMI: 21.7±1.9kg/m) attended five test sessions in a non-satiated state. Each participant was exposed to ambient odors (chocolate, beef, melon and cucumber), in a detectable but mild concentration, and to a control condition (no-odor exposure). During each condition, at different time points, participants rated appetite for 15 food products, and saliva was collected. After approximately 30min, ad libitum intake was measured providing a food (chocolate rice, high-energy dense product) that was congruent with one of the odors they were exposed to. A significant odor effect on food intake (p=0.034) and salivation (p=0.017) was found. Exposure to odors signaling high-energy dense products increased food intake (243.97±22.84g) compared to control condition (206.94±24.93g; p=0.03). Consistently, salivation was increased significantly during chocolate and beef exposure (mean: 0.494±0.050g) compared to control condition (0.417±0.05g; p=0.006). Even though odor exposure did not induce specific appetite for congruent products (p=0.634), appetite scores were significantly higher during odor exposure (p<0.0001) compared to the no-odor control condition and increased significantly over time (p=0.010). Exposure to food odors seems to drive behavioral and physiological responses involved in eating behavior, specifically for odors and foods that are high in energy density. This could have implications for steering food intake and ultimately influencing the nutritional status of people.
本研究的目的是调查环境气味暴露对食欲、唾液分泌和食物摄入量的影响。32名体重正常的年轻女性（年龄：21.4±5.3岁；体重指数：21.7±1.9kg/m²）在未饱腹状态下参加了五次测试。每位参与者暴露于可检测到但浓度较低的环境气味（巧克力、牛肉、甜瓜和黄瓜）中，并处于对照条件（无气味暴露）下。在每种条件下的不同时间点，参与者对15种食品的食欲进行评分，并收集唾液。大约30分钟后，测量随意摄入量，提供一种与他们所接触的气味之一相符的食物（巧克力米饭，高能量密度产品）。发现气味对食物摄入量（p=0.034）和唾液分泌（p=0.017）有显著影响。与对照条件（206.94±24.93克；p=0.03）相比，暴露于表明高能量密度产品的气味会增加食物摄入量（243.97±22.84克）。同样，与对照条件（平均：0.417±0.05克；p=0.006）相比，在暴露于巧克力和牛肉气味期间唾液分泌显著增加（平均：0.494±0.050克）。尽管气味暴露并未引发对相符产品的特定食欲（p=0.634），但与无气味对照条件相比，在气味暴露期间食欲评分显著更高（p<0.0001），且随时间显著增加（p=0.010）。暴露于食物气味似乎会引发与进食行为相关的行为和生理反应，特别是对于能量密度高的气味和食物。这可能对控制食物摄入量并最终影响人们的营养状况具有重要意义。
