Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine to the TU Dresden, Germany.
Abteilung Neuropädiatrie, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2017 Mar 6;7:43929. doi: 10.1038/srep43929.
There are large overlaps in cognitive deficits occurring in attention deficit disorder (ADD) and neurodevelopmental disorders like neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). This overlap is mostly based on clinical measures and not on in-depth analyses of neuronal mechanisms. However, the consideration of such neuronal underpinnings is crucial when aiming to integrate measures that can lead to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Inhibitory control deficits, for example, are a hallmark in ADD, but it is unclear how far there are similar deficits in NF1. We thus compared adolescent ADD and NF1 patients to healthy controls in a Go/Nogo task using behavioural and neurophysiological measures. Clinical measures of ADD-symptoms were not different between ADD and NF1. Only patients with ADD showed increased Nogo errors and reductions in components reflecting response inhibition (i.e. Nogo-P3). Early perceptual processes (P1) were changed in ADD and NF1. Clinically, patients with ADD and NF1 thus show strong similarities. This is not the case in regard to underlying cognitive control processes. This shows that in-depth analyses of neurophysiological processes are needed to determine whether the overlap between ADD and NF1 is as strong as assumed and to develop appropriate treatment strategies.
在注意力缺陷障碍（ADD）和神经发育障碍（如神经纤维瘤病 1 型（NF1））中，存在大量认知缺陷的重叠。这种重叠主要基于临床测量，而不是对神经元机制的深入分析。然而，当旨在整合可以更好地理解潜在机制的措施时，考虑到这种神经元基础是至关重要的。例如，抑制控制缺陷是 ADD 的标志，但在 NF1 中是否存在类似的缺陷尚不清楚。因此，我们在 Go/Nogo 任务中使用行为和神经生理学测量方法，将青少年 ADD 和 NF1 患者与健康对照组进行了比较。ADD 和 NF1 之间的 ADD 症状的临床测量没有差异。只有 ADD 患者表现出更多的 Nogo 错误和反映反应抑制的成分减少（即 Nogo-P3）。ADD 和 NF1 中早期的知觉过程（P1）发生了变化。临床上，ADD 和 NF1 患者有很强的相似之处。但在潜在的认知控制过程中并非如此。这表明需要对神经生理过程进行深入分析，以确定 ADD 和 NF1 之间的重叠是否如假设的那样强烈，并制定适当的治疗策略。
