Johnstone Stuart J, Barry Robert J, Markovska Valentina, Dimoska Aneta, Clarke Adam R
Brain & Behaviour Research Institute, School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2009 May;72(2):145-53. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.11.007. Epub 2008 Dec 3.
Children with Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) show deficits in executive inhibitory functions such as behavioral inhibition and interference control, but investigations of both of these domains in the same groups of children is scarce, especially with concurrent consideration of ERP indices of inhibitory processes. Twenty children with AD/HD and 20 matched controls aged between 8 and 14 years performed visual Go-Nogo (30% Nogo) and Flanker tasks while EEG was recorded. Results indicated that children with AD/HD traded off speed for accuracy in the Go-Nogo task, resulting in similar levels of response inhibition accuracy; in the Flanker task response speed and errors were at control levels, while misses were increased and showed an enhanced interference effect. In the Go-Nogo task, the AD/HD group showed reduced Go/Nogo P2, a reduced central N2 Nogo>Go effect, and a more anterior Go/Nogo P3 compared to controls. For the Flanker task, the AD/HD group showed delayed N1 and P2, dramatically reduced N2 to Incongruent stimuli, enhanced N2 to Neutral stimuli, as well as increased P3 to Incongruent stimuli, compared to controls. These results indicate that Go-Nogo behavioral inhibition and Flanker interference control were not equally impaired in children with AD/HD, and that factors such as effort, arousal and motivation require further investigation.
患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（AD/HD）的儿童在执行抑制功能方面存在缺陷，如行为抑制和干扰控制，但在同一组儿童中对这两个领域的研究都很少，尤其是在同时考虑抑制过程的ERP指标的情况下。20名患有AD/HD的儿童和20名年龄在8至14岁之间的匹配对照组儿童在进行视觉停止信号（30%停止信号）和侧翼任务时记录了脑电图。结果表明，患有AD/HD的儿童在停止信号任务中以速度换取准确性，从而导致反应抑制准确性水平相似；在侧翼任务中，反应速度和错误处于对照组水平，而漏报增加并显示出增强的干扰效应。在停止信号任务中，与对照组相比，AD/HD组的停止信号/继续信号P2降低，中央N2停止信号>继续信号效应降低，且停止信号/继续信号P3更靠前。对于侧翼任务，与对照组相比，AD/HD组的N1和P2延迟，对不一致刺激的N2显著降低，对中性刺激的N2增强，以及对不一致刺激的P3增加。这些结果表明，停止信号行为抑制和侧翼干扰控制在患有AD/HD的儿童中受损程度并不相同，并且努力、唤醒和动机等因素需要进一步研究。
