Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
BMB Rep. 2017 May;50(5):237-246. doi: 10.5483/bmbrep.2017.50.5.038.
Synapse is the basic structural and functional component for neural communication in the brain. The presynaptic terminal is the structural and functionally essential area that initiates communication and maintains the continuous functional neural information flow. It contains synaptic vesicles (SV) filled with neurotransmitters, an active zone for release, and numerous proteins for SV fusion and retrieval. The structural and functional synaptic plasticity is a representative characteristic; however, it is highly vulnerable to various pathological conditions. In fact, synaptic alteration is thought to be central to neural disease processes. In particular, the alteration of the structural and functional phenotype of the presynaptic terminal is a highly significant evidence for neural diseases. In this review, we specifically describe structural and functional alteration of nerve terminals in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease (HD). [BMB Reports 2017; 50(5): 237-246].
突触是大脑中神经通讯的基本结构和功能组成部分。突触前末梢是起始通讯并维持连续功能性神经信息流的结构和功能必需区域。它包含充满神经递质的突触小泡（SV）、释放的活性区，以及用于 SV 融合和回收的众多蛋白。结构和功能的突触可塑性是一个代表性特征；然而，它极易受到各种病理条件的影响。事实上，突触改变被认为是神经疾病过程的核心。特别是，突触前末梢的结构和功能表型改变是神经疾病的一个非常重要的证据。在这篇综述中，我们特别描述了几种神经退行性疾病中神经末梢的结构和功能改变，包括阿尔茨海默病（AD）、帕金森病（PD）、肌萎缩性侧索硬化症（ALS）和亨廷顿病（HD）。[BMB 报告 2017；50(5): 237-246]。
