Moore Latetia V, Carlson Susan A, Onufrak Stephen, Carroll Dianna D, Galuska Deborah
Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Commissioned Corps, U.S. Public Health Service, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Prev Med Rep. 2017 Feb 17;6:74-79. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.02.005. eCollection 2017 Jun.
The ability to make healthy choices is influenced by where one lives, works, shops, and plays. Locally enacted policies and standards can influence these surroundings but little is known about the prevalence of such policies and standards that support healthier behaviors. In this paper, we describe the development of a survey questionnaire designed to capture local level policy supports for healthy eating and active living and findings and lessons learned from a 2012 pilot in two states, Minnesota and California, including respondent burden, survey sampling and administration methods, and survey item feasibility issues. A 38-item, web-based, self-administered survey and sampling frame were developed to assess the prevalence of 22 types of healthy eating and active living policies in a representative sample of local governments in the two states. The majority of respondents indicated the survey required minimal effort to complete with half taking < 20 min to complete the survey. A non-response follow-up plan including emails and phone calls was required to achieve a 68% response rate (versus a 37% response rate for email only reminders). Local governments with larger residential populations reported having healthy eating and active living policies and standards more often than smaller governments. Policies that support active living were more common than those that support healthy eating and varied within the two states. The methods we developed are a feasible data collection tool for estimating the prevalence of municipal healthy eating and active living policies and standards at the state and national level.
做出健康选择的能力会受到一个人的居住、工作、购物及娱乐地点的影响。地方制定的政策和标准能够影响这些环境，但对于支持更健康行为的此类政策和标准的普遍程度，人们却知之甚少。在本文中，我们描述了一份调查问卷的编制过程，该问卷旨在获取地方层面对于健康饮食和积极生活方式的政策支持情况，以及从2012年在明尼苏达州和加利福尼亚州两个州进行的试点中所获得的调查结果和经验教训，包括受访者负担、调查抽样及管理方法，以及调查项目的可行性问题。我们编制了一份包含38个项目的基于网络的自填式调查问卷和抽样框架，以评估这两个州地方政府代表性样本中22种健康饮食和积极生活方式政策的普遍程度。大多数受访者表示完成该调查只需付出极少努力，一半人完成调查用时不到20分钟。需要一个包括电子邮件和电话的无回应跟进计划，以实现68%的回应率（相比仅通过电子邮件提醒时37%的回应率）。居民人口较多的地方政府比规模较小的政府更常报告拥有健康饮食和积极生活方式的政策及标准。支持积极生活方式的政策比支持健康饮食的政策更为常见，且在这两个州内存在差异。我们所开发的方法是一种可行的数据收集工具，可用于估计州和国家层面城市健康饮食和积极生活方式政策及标准的普遍程度。
