Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2010 Apr;100(4):590-5. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.185652. Epub 2010 Feb 18.
A 5-tier pyramid best describes the impact of different types of public health interventions and provides a framework to improve health. At the base of this pyramid, indicating interventions with the greatest potential impact, are efforts to address socioeconomic determinants of health. In ascending order are interventions that change the context to make individuals' default decisions healthy, clinical interventions that require limited contact but confer long-term protection, ongoing direct clinical care, and health education and counseling. Interventions focusing on lower levels of the pyramid tend to be more effective because they reach broader segments of society and require less individual effort. Implementing interventions at each of the levels can achieve the maximum possible sustained public health benefit.
一个 5 级金字塔最好地描述了不同类型的公共卫生干预措施的影响，并提供了一个改善健康的框架。在这个金字塔的底部，是那些针对社会经济决定健康因素的干预措施，这些措施具有最大的潜在影响。按照顺序，位于这个金字塔上面的干预措施是改变环境以使个人的默认决策更健康的措施、需要有限接触但能提供长期保护的临床干预措施、持续的直接临床护理以及健康教育和咨询。关注金字塔较低层次的干预措施往往更有效，因为它们可以覆盖更广泛的社会群体，并且需要个人付出的努力较少。在每个层次实施干预措施可以实现最大可能的持续公共卫生效益。
