Centro Nacional de Biotecnología. C.S.I.C. Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.
Centro Nacional de Biotecnología. C.S.I.C. Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.
Virus Res. 2015 Nov 2;209:23-38. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.03.017. Epub 2015 Apr 24.
The viral polymerase is an essential complex for the influenza virus life cycle as it performs the viral RNA transcription and replication processes. To that end, the polymerase carries out a wide array of functions and associates to a large number of cellular proteins. Due to its importance, recent studies have found numerous mutations in all three polymerase protein subunits contributing to virus host range and pathogenicity. In this review, we will point out viral polymerase polymorphisms that have been associated with virus adaptation to mammalian hosts, increased viral polymerase activity and virulence. Furthermore, we will summarize the current knowledge regarding the new set of proteins expressed from the viral polymerase genes and their contribution to infection. In addition, the mechanisms used by the virus to counteract the cellular immune response in which the viral polymerase complex or its subunits are involved will be highlighted. Finally, the degradative process induced by the viral polymerase on the cellular transcription machinery and its repercussions on virus pathogenicity will be of particular interest.
病毒聚合酶是流感病毒生命周期中必不可少的复合物，因为它执行病毒 RNA 的转录和复制过程。为此，聚合酶执行广泛的功能，并与大量的细胞蛋白结合。由于其重要性，最近的研究发现聚合酶的三个蛋白亚基都有许多突变，这些突变导致了病毒的宿主范围和致病性。在这篇综述中，我们将指出与病毒适应哺乳动物宿主、增加病毒聚合酶活性和毒力有关的聚合酶多态性。此外，我们将总结关于病毒聚合酶基因表达的新蛋白组及其对感染的贡献的现有知识。此外，还将强调病毒用来对抗细胞免疫反应的机制，其中涉及病毒聚合酶复合物或其亚基。最后，病毒聚合酶对细胞转录机制的降解过程及其对病毒致病性的影响将是特别有趣的。
