Neuromuscular Research Center, Unit of Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä Finland.
Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland.
J Strength Cond Res. 2019 Feb;33(2):479-485. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001881.
Kinnunen, J-V, Piitulainen, H, and Piirainen, JM. Neuromuscular adaptations to short-term high-intensity interval training in female ice-hockey players. J Strength Cond Res 33(2): 479-485, 2019-High-intensity interval training (HIIT)-related neuromuscular adaptations, changes in force production, and on-ice performance were investigated in female ice-hockey players during preseason. Fourteen Finnish championship level ice-hockey players (average age 22 ± 3 years) participated in 2½-week HIIT. Both spinal (H-reflex) and supraspinal (V-wave) neuromuscular responses of the soleus muscle were recorded before and after the training period. Static jump (SJ) and countermovement jump heights, plantarflexor maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), and rate of force development (RFD) were measured. In addition, soleus and tibialis anterior muscle activations (electromyography) were measured during MVC and RFD tests. During on-ice training, skating speed and acceleration tests were performed. Subjects significantly improved their plantarflexion MVC force (11.6 ± 11.2%, p < 0.001), RFD (15.2 ± 15.9%, p < 0.01), and SJ (4.8 ± 7.6%, p ≤ 0.05). Voluntary motor drive to the soleus muscle (V-wave amplitude) increased by 16.0 ± 15.4% (p < 0.01), and coactivation of the tibialis anterior muscle during the plantarflexion RFD test was reduced by -18.9 ± 22.2% (p ≤ 0.05). No change was observed in spinal α-motoneuron excitability (H-reflex) during MVC or in on-ice performance. These results indicate that HIIT can be used to improve athletes' capability to produce maximal and explosive forces, likely through enhanced voluntary activation of their muscles and reduced antagonist coactivation. Therefore, HIIT can be recommended in preseason training to improve neuromuscular performance. However, a longer than 2½-week HIIT period is needed to improve on-ice performance in female ice-hockey players.
金努宁、J-V、皮图伊拉宁和 Piirainen JM。女冰球运动员短期高强度间歇训练的神经肌肉适应性。《力量与条件研究杂志》33(2):479-485，2019-高强度间歇训练（HIIT）相关的神经肌肉适应性、力量产生的变化和冰上表现，在女冰球运动员的季前赛中进行了研究。14 名芬兰冠军级冰球运动员（平均年龄 22±3 岁）参加了 2 周半的 HIIT。在训练前后，记录了比目鱼肌的脊髓（H 反射）和皮质（V 波）神经肌肉反应。测量了静态跳跃（SJ）和反向跳跃高度、跖屈肌最大自主收缩（MVC）和力发展率（RFD）。此外，在 MVC 和 RFD 测试中测量了比目鱼肌和胫骨前肌的激活（肌电图）。在冰上训练期间，进行了滑冰速度和加速测试。受试者的跖屈肌 MVC 力量（11.6±11.2%，p<0.001）、RFD（15.2±15.9%，p<0.01）和 SJ（4.8±7.6%，p≤0.05）显著提高。比目鱼肌的自愿运动驱动（V 波幅度）增加了 16.0±15.4%（p<0.01），跖屈肌 RFD 测试中胫骨前肌的共激活减少了-18.9±22.2%（p≤0.05）。在 MVC 期间，MVC 或冰上表现期间，脊髓α运动神经元兴奋性（H 反射）没有变化。这些结果表明，HIIT 可用于提高运动员产生最大和爆发力的能力，可能通过增强肌肉的自愿激活和减少拮抗剂的共激活。因此，HIIT 可推荐用于季前赛训练，以提高神经肌肉性能。然而，女冰球运动员需要超过 2 周半的 HIIT 期才能提高冰上表现。
