Strickhouser Jason E, Zell Ethan, Krizan Zlatan
Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro.
Department of Psychology, Iowa State University.
Health Psychol. 2017 Aug;36(8):797-810. doi: 10.1037/hea0000475. Epub 2017 Mar 9.
To derive a robust and comprehensive estimate of the overall relation between Big Five personality traits and health variables using metasynthesis (i.e., second-order meta-analysis).
Thirty-six meta-analyses, which collectively provided 150 meta-analytic effects from over 500,000 participants, met criteria for inclusion in the metasynthesis. Information on methodological quality as well as the type of health outcome, unreliability adjustment, population sampled, health outcome source, personality source, and research design was extracted from each meta-analysis. An unweighted model was used to aggregate data across meta-analyses.
When entered simultaneously, the Big Five traits were moderately associated with overall health (multiple R = .35). Personality-health relations were larger when examining mental health outcomes than physical health outcomes or health-related behaviors and when researchers adjusted for measurement unreliability, used self-report as opposed to other-report Big Five scales, or focused on clinical as opposed to nonclinical samples. Further, effects were larger among agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism than extraversion or openness to experience.
This metasynthesis provides among the most compelling evidence to date that personality predicts overall health and well-being. In addition, it may inform research on the mechanisms by which personality impacts health as well as research on the structure of personality. (PsycINFO Database Record
运用元综合分析（即二阶元分析），对大五人格特质与健康变量之间的整体关系进行稳健且全面的评估。
三十六项元分析共同提供了来自超过500,000名参与者的150个元分析效应值，这些元分析符合纳入元综合分析的标准。从每项元分析中提取了方法学质量、健康结果类型、不可靠性调整、抽样人群、健康结果来源、人格来源以及研究设计等信息。使用未加权模型对各元分析的数据进行汇总。
当同时纳入分析时，大五人格特质与总体健康存在中度关联（复相关系数R = 0.35）。在考察心理健康结果时，人格与健康的关系比考察身体健康结果或健康相关行为时更大，并且当研究人员对测量不可靠性进行调整、使用自我报告而非他人报告的大五人格量表，或者关注临床样本而非非临床样本时，这种关系也更大。此外，宜人性、尽责性和神经质的效应比外向性或开放性体验的效应更大。
这项元综合分析提供了迄今为止最有说服力的证据，表明人格能够预测总体健康和幸福感。此外，它可能为研究人格影响健康的机制以及人格结构的研究提供参考。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》
