Talevska Aleksandra, Pejin Boris, Beric Tanja, Stankovic Slavisa
a University of St. Clement of Ohrid, Hydrobiological Institute , Ohrid , Republic of Macedonia.
b Faculty of Biology , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.
Pharm Biol. 2017 Dec;55(1):1313-1316. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1297468.
Bioprospection has become a dynamic scientific field that explores novel possibilities for the implementation of natural products in medicine and pharmacy. Compared to marine species from all kingdoms, freshwater species have been highly neglected.
This work focuses on the screening of acetylcholinesterase inhibitory (AChE) and mutagenic activities of the acetone extract (obtained by maceration) of the freshwater sponge Ochridaspongia rotunda Arndt (Malawispongiidae) in vitro.
AChE inhibitory activity was evaluated both in liquid (five different concentrations of the extract, from 1 to 100 μg/mL) and in solid (seven different concentrations of the extract, from 0.5 to 10.0 μg) by methods well described in literature, while mutagenicity was estimated using the Ames test (four different concentrations of the extract, from 0.106 to 1.328 mg/plate).
Ochridaspongia rotunda acetone extract exhibited promising AChE inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent manner both in liquid (IC 23.07 μg/mL) and in solid (1.50 μg). Furthermore, the Ames test revealed no sign of mutagenicity at any concentration tested. Its FTIR spectrum coupled with the positive Liebermann?Burchard, Salkowski and Zak color reactions (tests) indicated the presence of sterol compounds.
The screened extract may inspire a search for novel anticholinesterase therapeutic agent(s) potentially used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Further research will be directed toward its detailed chemical analysis along with addressing the issue of a real producer of the natural product(s) responsible for the AChE activity observed.
生物勘探已成为一个充满活力的科学领域，探索天然产物在医学和药学中应用的新可能性。与所有生物界的海洋物种相比，淡水物种一直受到高度忽视。
本研究聚焦于体外筛选淡水海绵圆奥氏海绵（Arndt，马拉维海绵科）丙酮提取物（通过浸渍获得）的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制（AChE）和诱变活性。
采用文献中详细描述的方法，在液体（提取物的五种不同浓度，从1至100μg/mL）和固体（提取物的七种不同浓度，从0.5至10.0μg）中评估AChE抑制活性，同时使用艾姆斯试验（提取物的四种不同浓度，从0.106至1.328mg/平板）估计诱变活性。
圆奥氏海绵丙酮提取物在液体（IC 23.07μg/mL）和固体（1.50μg）中均以剂量依赖性方式表现出有前景的AChE抑制活性。此外，艾姆斯试验在任何测试浓度下均未显示诱变迹象。其傅里叶变换红外光谱结合利伯曼-伯查德、萨尔科夫斯基和扎克阳性颜色反应（试验）表明存在甾醇化合物。
筛选出的提取物可能激发对潜在用于治疗阿尔茨海默病的新型抗胆碱酯酶治疗剂的探索。进一步的研究将针对其详细的化学分析以及解决观察到的AChE活性天然产物的真正生产者问题。
