Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Webb 449 1675 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3361, USA.
Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, RPHB 327, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0022, USA.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2018 Feb;5(1):141-150. doi: 10.1007/s40615-017-0351-3. Epub 2017 Mar 9.
Obesity and chronic diseases disproportionately affect African-American women in the rural South (US) and may be influenced by adherence to a typical Southern-style diet. There is a need to examine dietary patterns of this population and to determine if consumption of nutritionally rich foods like nuts is associated with consumption of other nutritious foods. The objectives of this study were to identify (1) dietary patterns of overweight/obese African-American women in the rural South; (2) the role that nuts play in the diet; (3) and adherence to federal food group recommendations across dietary patterns.
Secondary data analysis of two baseline 24-h dietary recalls was performed on 383 overweight/obese African-American women enrolled in a weight loss intervention in Alabama and Mississippi between 2011 and 2013. Cluster analysis identified dietary patterns. t tests and chi-square tests tested demographic and dietary differences across clusters. The proportion of women in each cluster who met federal recommendations for fruit, vegetable, nuts, added sugar, and sodium intake was calculated.
Two dietary patterns were found. Nut intake frequency was higher in cluster 2 (P < .001), which was characterized by a higher intake frequency of fruits and vegetables, but high mean daily intake of added sugar (12.26 ± 7.67 tsp) and sodium (2800 ± 881 mg). Ninety-two percent of participants in this cluster consumed red/processed meats daily.
Even among women in this population who consume a more plant-based dietary pattern containing nuts, there is still a need to decrease intake of added sugar, sodium, and red meat.
肥胖和慢性病在美国南部农村地区（美国）不成比例地影响非裔美国女性，并且可能受到对典型南方饮食模式的坚持的影响。有必要研究该人群的饮食模式，并确定食用富含营养的食物（如坚果）是否与其他营养食品的食用有关。本研究的目的是确定：1）美国南部农村超重/肥胖非裔美国女性的饮食模式；2）坚果在饮食中的作用；3）以及各种饮食模式下对联邦食品组推荐摄入量的坚持情况。
对 2011 年至 2013 年间在阿拉巴马州和密西西比州参加减肥干预的 383 名超重/肥胖非裔美国女性的两次基线 24 小时膳食回顾进行二次数据分析。聚类分析确定了饮食模式。t 检验和卡方检验测试了不同聚类之间的人口统计学和饮食差异。计算了每个聚类中符合联邦水果、蔬菜、坚果、添加糖和钠摄入量建议的女性比例。
发现了两种饮食模式。在聚类 2 中，坚果的摄入频率更高（P<0.001），该聚类的特点是水果和蔬菜的摄入频率更高，但添加糖（12.26±7.67 茶匙）和钠（2800±881 毫克）的日平均摄入量较高。该聚类中的 92%的参与者每天食用红色/加工肉类。
即使在食用含有坚果的更植物性饮食模式的女性中，仍然需要减少添加糖、钠和红色肉类的摄入量。
