Department of Nutrition Science, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Webb 449 1675 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294-3361. E-mail:
Department of Nutrition Science, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
Prev Chronic Dis. 2017 Sep 21;14:E82. doi: 10.5888/pcd14.160595.
Nuts, when eaten alongside other nutritionally rich foods, may decrease obesity and related chronic disease risks, which are high among African American women in the rural South. We monitored changes in nut intake, other obesity-related foods (fruits, vegetables, red or processed meats, added sugars), and body mass index (BMI) over a 2-year weight loss intervention among 383 overweight and obese African American women in rural Alabama and Mississippi.
Two dietary recalls were administered at 4 points over 24 months. Mann-Whitney tests compared differences in median food group intake between nut consumers and non-nut consumers, and t tests identified BMI differences between groups. Mixed linear models tested the relationship between nut intake and intake of the select food groups, and between nut intake and BMI over time.
Overall nut consumers ate more fruits and vegetables and less red meat than non-nut consumers. Nut consumers had lower BMI values than non-nut consumers. Weight loss by the end of the intervention was significant for nut consumers but not for non-nut consumers, even after accounting for kilocalorie consumption and physical activity engagement.
Nut consumption is associated with consumption of other nutritionally rich foods and lower BMI among African American women in rural Alabama and Mississippi. Future interventions should target increasing daily nut intake, decreasing added sugar intake, and identifying strategies to encourage positive dietary changes to continue after an intervention.
坚果与其他营养丰富的食物一起食用时，可能会降低肥胖和相关慢性病的风险，而这些疾病在阿拉巴马州和密西西比州农村地区的非裔美国女性中发病率很高。我们监测了 383 名超重和肥胖的非裔美国女性在为期 2 年的减肥干预期间，坚果摄入量、其他与肥胖相关的食物（水果、蔬菜、红色或加工肉类、添加糖）以及体重指数（BMI）的变化。
在 24 个月的时间里，共进行了 4 次饮食回顾。曼-惠特尼检验比较了坚果消费者和非坚果消费者在中位数食物组摄入量上的差异，t 检验比较了两组之间 BMI 的差异。混合线性模型检验了坚果摄入量与选定食物组摄入量之间的关系，以及坚果摄入量与 BMI 随时间的变化关系。
总体而言，坚果消费者比非坚果消费者食用更多的水果和蔬菜，摄入更少的红色肉类。与非坚果消费者相比，坚果消费者的 BMI 值较低。干预结束时，坚果消费者的体重减轻量显著，而非坚果消费者则没有，即使考虑到卡路里摄入量和身体活动参与度也是如此。
在阿拉巴马州和密西西比州农村地区的非裔美国女性中，坚果的消费与其他营养丰富的食物的消费以及 BMI 降低有关。未来的干预措施应着眼于增加每日坚果摄入量、减少添加糖摄入量，并确定策略，鼓励在干预结束后继续进行积极的饮食改变。
