He Liang, Sieberer Lukas M, Diehl Sebastian
Institute for Theoretical Physics, Technical University Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany.
Phys Rev Lett. 2017 Feb 24;118(8):085301. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.085301. Epub 2017 Feb 21.
We find a first-order transition driven by the strength of nonequilibrium conditions of one-dimensional driven open condensates. Associated with this transition is a new stable nonequilibrium phase, space-time vortex turbulence, whose vortex density and quasiparticle distribution show strongly nonthermal behavior. Below the transition, we identify a new time scale associated with noise-activated unbound space-time vortices, beyond which, the temporal coherence function changes from a Kardar-Parisi-Zhang-type subexponential to a disordered exponential decay. Experimental realization of the nonequilibrium vortex turbulent phase is facilitated in driven open condensates with a large diffusion rate.
我们发现，一维驱动开放凝聚体的非平衡条件强度驱动了一阶相变。与该相变相关的是一个新的稳定非平衡相，即时空涡旋湍流，其涡旋密度和准粒子分布呈现出强烈的非热行为。在相变温度以下，我们识别出一个与噪声激活的无束缚时空涡旋相关的新时间尺度，超过该时间尺度，时间相干函数从卡达尔-帕里西-张型亚指数衰减转变为无序指数衰减。在具有大扩散率的驱动开放凝聚体中，有利于非平衡涡旋湍流相的实验实现。
