Martinez-Useros Javier, Li Weiyao, Cabeza-Morales Marticela, Garcia-Foncillas Jesus
Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute, University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena 2463, Colombia.
J Clin Med. 2017 Mar 9;6(3):29. doi: 10.3390/jcm6030029.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal types of tumors, and its incidence is rising worldwide. Survival can be improved when tumors are detected at an early stage; however, this cancer is usually asymptomatic, and the disease only becomes apparent after metastasis. Several risk factors are associated to this disease. Chronic pancreatitis, diabetes, and some infectious disease are the most relevant risk factors. Incidence of PDAC has increased in the last decades. It is hypothesized it could be due to other acquired risk habits, like smoking, high alcohol intake, and obesity. Indeed, adipose tissue is a dynamic endocrine organ that secretes different pro-inflammatory cytokines, enzymes, and other factors that activate oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species caused by oxidative stress, damage DNA, proteins, and lipids, and produce several toxic and high mutagenic metabolites that could modify tumor behavior, turning it into a malignant phenotype. Anti-oxidant compounds, like vitamins, are considered protective factors against cancer. Here, we review the literature on oxidative stress, the molecular pathways that activate or counteract oxidative stress, and potential treatment strategies that target reactive oxygen species suitable for this kind of cancer.
胰腺导管腺癌（PDAC）是最致命的肿瘤类型之一，其在全球的发病率正在上升。如果肿瘤在早期被检测到，生存率可以提高；然而，这种癌症通常没有症状，并且只有在转移后疾病才会显现出来。有几个风险因素与这种疾病相关。慢性胰腺炎、糖尿病和一些传染病是最相关的风险因素。在过去几十年中，PDAC的发病率有所增加。据推测，这可能是由于其他后天形成的风险习惯，如吸烟、大量饮酒和肥胖。事实上，脂肪组织是一个动态的内分泌器官，它分泌不同的促炎细胞因子、酶和其他激活氧化应激的因子。氧化应激产生的活性氧会损伤DNA、蛋白质和脂质，并产生几种有毒且高致突变性的代谢产物，这些代谢产物可能会改变肿瘤行为，使其转变为恶性表型。抗氧化化合物，如维生素，被认为是抗癌的保护因素。在这里，我们综述了关于氧化应激、激活或对抗氧化应激的分子途径以及针对适合这种癌症的活性氧的潜在治疗策略的文献。
