Brough Louise, Gunn Caroline A, Weber Janet L, Coad Jane, Jin Ying, Thomson Jasmine S, Mauze Mathilde, Kruger Marlena C
Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, School of Food and Nutrition, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
Fonterra Research & Development Centre, Private Bag 11029, Dairy Farm Road, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
Nutrients. 2017 Mar 9;9(3):254. doi: 10.3390/nu9030254.
Iodine and selenium are required for thyroid function. This study investigated iodine and selenium intakes in healthy, women aged 50-70 years ( = 97) from three cities in the North Island of New Zealand, after mandatory fortification of bread with iodised salt. Iodine and selenium concentrations were determined in 24-h urine samples; daily intakes were extrapolated from amounts in urine (90% and 55% of daily intake, respectively). Three day diet diaries (3DDD) also estimated selenium and iodine (excluding iodised salt) intake. Median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 57 (41, 78) µg/L, indicating mild iodine deficiency. Estimated median iodine intake based on urine was 138 (100, 172) µg/day, below Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI) (150 µg/day) with 25% below Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) (100 µg/day). Estimated median selenium intake was 50 (36, 71) µg/day based on urine and 45 (36, 68) µg/day using 3DDD, below RDI (60 µg/day) with 49%-55% below EAR (50 µg/day). Median bread intakes were low at 1.8 (1.1, 2.7) serves/day; 25% consumed ≤1 serve/day. Although population iodine intakes improved following mandatory fortification, some had low intakes. Selenium intakes remain low. Further research should investigate thyroid function of low consumers of iodine fortified bread and/or selenium in New Zealand.
甲状腺功能需要碘和硒。本研究调查了新西兰北岛三个城市97名50至70岁健康女性在面包强制添加碘盐后的碘和硒摄入量。测定了24小时尿液样本中的碘和硒浓度；每日摄入量根据尿液中的含量推算得出（分别占每日摄入量的90%和55%）。三天饮食日记（3DDD）也估算了硒和碘（不包括碘盐）的摄入量。尿碘中位数浓度（UIC）为57（41，78）μg/L，表明存在轻度碘缺乏。基于尿液估算的碘摄入量中位数为138（100，172）μg/天，低于推荐膳食摄入量（RDI）（150μg/天），且比估计平均需求量（EAR）（100μg/天）低25%。基于尿液估算的硒摄入量中位数为50（36，71）μg/天，使用3DDD估算为45（36，68）μg/天，低于RDI（60μg/天），比EAR（50μg/天）低49%-55%。面包摄入量中位数较低，为1.8（1.1，2.7）份/天；25%的人每天摄入量≤1份。尽管强制强化后人群碘摄入量有所改善，但仍有一些人摄入量较低。硒摄入量仍然较低。进一步的研究应调查新西兰食用碘强化面包和/或硒较少人群的甲状腺功能。
