Mansfield Karen L, Hernández-Triana Luis M, Banyard Ashley C, Fooks Anthony R, Johnson Nicholas
Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-Borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, United Kingdom.
Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-Borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.
Vet Microbiol. 2017 Mar;201:85-92. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.01.014. Epub 2017 Jan 15.
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a significant cause of neurological disease in humans throughout Asia causing an estimated 70,000 human cases each year with approximately 10,000 fatalities. The virus contains a positive sense RNA genome within a host-derived membrane and is classified within the family Flaviviridae. Like many flaviviruses, it is transmitted by mosquitoes, particularly those of the genus Culex in a natural cycle involving birds and some livestock species. Spill-over into domestic animals results in a spectrum of disease ranging from asymptomatic infection in some species to acute neurological signs in others. The impact of JEV infection is particularly apparent in pigs. Although infection in adult swine does not result in symptomatic disease, it is considered a significant reproductive problem causing abortion, still-birth and birth defects. Infected piglets can display fatal neurological disease. Equines are also infected, resulting in non-specific signs including pyrexia, but occasionally leading to overt neurological disease that in extreme cases can lead to death. Veterinary vaccination is available for both pigs and horses. This review of JEV disease in livestock considers the current diagnostic techniques available for detection of the virus. Options for disease control and prevention within the veterinary sector are discussed. Such measures are critical in breaking the link to zoonotic transmission into the human population where humans are dead-end hosts.
日本脑炎病毒（JEV）是亚洲地区人类神经疾病的一个重要病因，每年估计导致7万例人类感染病例，约1万人死亡。该病毒在宿主来源的膜内含有一个正链RNA基因组，属于黄病毒科。与许多黄病毒一样，它通过蚊子传播，特别是库蚊属的蚊子，在涉及鸟类和一些家畜物种的自然循环中传播。病毒传播到家畜身上会导致一系列疾病，从某些物种的无症状感染到其他物种的急性神经症状。JEV感染的影响在猪身上尤为明显。虽然成年猪感染不会导致有症状的疾病，但它被认为是一个严重的繁殖问题，可导致流产、死产和出生缺陷。受感染的仔猪可能会出现致命的神经疾病。马也会被感染，会出现包括发热在内的非特异性症状，但偶尔会导致明显的神经疾病，在极端情况下可导致死亡。猪和马都有兽医疫苗可用。这篇关于家畜JEV疾病的综述考虑了目前可用于检测该病毒的诊断技术。文中还讨论了兽医领域疾病控制和预防的选择。这些措施对于切断病毒向作为终末宿主的人类的人畜共患传播途径至关重要。
