State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environment Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Jul 15;590-591:611-619. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.001. Epub 2017 Mar 8.
Wastewater indicator is a useful tool for evaluating the wastewater impact on natural water, but there is little information about the suitability of wastewater indicators for different regions. This study aimed to select suitable wastewater indicators in the Pearl River Delta region, south China by screening a range of wastewater related organic compounds. The screening campaign was carried out by investigating the occurrence and removal efficiencies of 93 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and 5 artificial sweeteners (ASs) in nine wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in the region, and the occurrence of these target compounds in the contaminated and clean surface water of the Pearl River. An ideal wastewater indicator should be hydrophilic, source-specific for domestic wastewater, ubiquitous in contaminated surface water with detection frequency (DF) >80% and absent in background water samples. For liable indicators, high removal rates (>90%) should be observed in WWTPs and they should be detected in all the influent samples at concentrations fifty times higher than their limits of quantification. For conservative indicators, low removal rates (<50%) should be observed in WWTPs and they should be detected in all the effluent samples at concentrations fifty times higher than their limits of quantification. Based on the above criteria, sucralose and fluconazole were selected as conservative indicators in the region, while cyclamate, saccharin, methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, paracetamol, salicylic acid and caffeine were selected as liable indicators.
污水指示物是评估废水对自然水影响的有用工具，但关于不同地区适用的污水指示物的信息很少。本研究旨在通过筛选一系列与废水相关的有机化合物，选择中国南方珠江三角洲地区的合适污水指示物。该筛选活动通过调查 9 个位于该地区的污水处理厂（WWTP）中 93 种药物和个人护理产品（PPCPs）和 5 种人工甜味剂（AS）的出现和去除效率，以及这些目标化合物在珠江污染和清洁地表水的出现情况进行。理想的污水指示物应该具有亲水性、针对生活污水的特定来源、在受污染的地表水普遍存在，检测频率（DF）>80%，并且不存在于背景水样中。对于可靠的指示物，应该在 WWTP 中观察到高去除率（>90%），并且应该在所有进水样品中以比其定量限高 50 倍的浓度检测到。对于保守的指示物，应该在 WWTP 中观察到低去除率（<50%），并且应该在所有出水样品中以比其定量限高 50 倍的浓度检测到。基于上述标准，三氯蔗糖和氟康唑被选为该地区的保守指示物，而环己基氨基磺酸钠、糖精、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、对乙酰氨基酚、水杨酸和咖啡因被选为可靠指示物。
