Hou Yongqing, Wu Zhenlong, Dai Zhaolai, Wang Genhu, Wu Guoyao
Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023 China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2017 Mar 7;8:24. doi: 10.1186/s40104-017-0153-9. eCollection 2017.
Recent years have witnessed growing interest in the role of peptides in animal nutrition. Chemical, enzymatic, or microbial hydrolysis of proteins in animal by-products or plant-source feedstuffs before feeding is an attractive means of generating high-quality small or large peptides that have both nutritional and physiological or regulatory functions in livestock, poultry and fish. These peptides may also be formed from ingested proteins in the gastrointestinal tract, but the types of resultant peptides can vary greatly with the physiological conditions of the animals and the composition of the diets. In the small intestine, large peptides are hydrolyzed to small peptides, which are absorbed into enterocytes faster than free amino acids (AAs) to provide a more balanced pattern of AAs in the blood circulation. Some peptides of plant or animal sources also have antimicrobial, antioxidant, antihypertensive, and immunomodulatory activities. Those peptides which confer biological functions beyond their nutritional value are called bioactive peptides. They are usually 2-20 AA residues in length but may consist of >20 AA residues. Inclusion of some (e.g. 2-8%) animal-protein hydrolysates (e.g., porcine intestine, porcine mucosa, salmon viscera, or poultry tissue hydrolysates) or soybean protein hydrolysates in practical corn- and soybean meal-based diets can ensure desirable rates of growth performance and feed efficiency in weanling pigs, young calves, post-hatching poultry, and fish. Thus, protein hydrolysates hold promise in optimizing the nutrition of domestic and companion animals, as well as their health (particularly gut health) and well-being.
近年来，人们对肽在动物营养中的作用越来越感兴趣。在喂食前对动物副产品或植物源饲料中的蛋白质进行化学、酶解或微生物水解，是一种有吸引力的方法，可以生成高质量的小肽或大肽，这些肽在牲畜、家禽和鱼类中具有营养、生理或调节功能。这些肽也可能由胃肠道中摄入的蛋白质形成，但生成的肽的类型会因动物的生理状况和日粮组成而有很大差异。在小肠中，大肽被水解为小肽，小肽比游离氨基酸（AA）更快地被吸收进入肠细胞，从而在血液循环中提供更平衡的氨基酸模式。一些植物或动物来源的肽还具有抗菌、抗氧化、抗高血压和免疫调节活性。那些具有超出其营养价值的生物学功能的肽被称为生物活性肽。它们通常长度为2 - 20个氨基酸残基，但也可能由超过20个氨基酸残基组成。在以玉米和豆粕为主的实际日粮中添加一些（如2 - 8%）动物蛋白水解物（如猪肠、猪黏膜、鲑鱼内脏或家禽组织水解物）或大豆蛋白水解物，可以确保断奶仔猪、犊牛、孵化后家禽和鱼类具有理想的生长性能和饲料效率。因此，蛋白水解物有望优化家畜和伴侣动物的营养，以及它们的健康（特别是肠道健康）和福祉。
