Wadhwaniya S, Gupta S, Mitra S, Tetali S, Josyula L K, Gururaj G, Hyder A A
Johns Hopkins International Injury Research Unit, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Heath, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Suite E8132, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Johns Hopkins International Injury Research Unit, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Heath, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Suite E8132, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Public Health. 2017 Mar;144S:S62-S69. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.11.025.
India has a high burden of fatal road traffic injuries (RTIs). A large proportion of fatal RTIs in India are among motorcyclists. The overall goal of this study is to assess and compare observed and self-reported prevalence of helmet use; and to identify factors associated with helmet use and over-reporting in Hyderabad city, India.
Roadside knowledge, attitude and practice interviews.
Six rounds of roadside interviews were conducted with motorcyclists (drivers and pillion riders) between July 2011 and August 2013 using a structured tool developed for this study. Observations on helmet use were recorded and respondents were also asked if they 'always wear a helmet'. Prevalence of helmet use was calculated and a paired t-test was used to compare observed and self-reported helmet use proportions. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios were calculated to identify factors associated with helmet use and over-reporting.
A total of 4872 respondents participated in the roadside interview. The response rate was 94.4%. The overall observed helmet use was 34.5% and 44.5% of respondents reported that they 'always wear a helmet'. As the observed helmet use increased, the over-reporting of helmet use was found to decrease. However, factors associated with observed and self-reported helmet use are similar. Male gender, youth (≤24 years), a lower level of education and non-ownership of helmet were associated with a higher risk of not wearing helmets. Male gender, youth (≤24 years), no schooling, riding a lower engine capacity motorcycle and using a motorcycle for purposes other than travelling to school/work were associated with over-reporting of helmet use.
Self-reports provide an overestimate of helmet use that lessens as actual helmet use increases. Interviews also allow identification of factors associated with helmet use. Increasing helmet ownership and enhanced enforcement may help increase helmet use.
印度的致命道路交通伤害负担沉重。印度很大一部分致命道路交通伤害发生在骑摩托车者当中。本研究的总体目标是评估和比较观察到的头盔使用流行率与自我报告的头盔使用流行率；并确定印度海得拉巴市与头盔使用及报告过度相关的因素。
路边知识、态度和行为访谈。
2011年7月至2013年8月期间，使用为本研究开发的结构化工具，对骑摩托车者（司机和乘客）进行了六轮路边访谈。记录头盔使用情况的观察结果，并询问受访者是否“总是戴头盔”。计算头盔使用的流行率，并使用配对t检验比较观察到的和自我报告的头盔使用比例。计算未调整和调整后的比值比，以确定与头盔使用和报告过度相关的因素。
共有4872名受访者参与了路边访谈。回复率为94.4%。观察到的总体头盔使用率为34.5%，44.5%的受访者报告他们“总是戴头盔”。随着观察到的头盔使用率增加，头盔使用的报告过度情况有所减少。然而，与观察到的和自我报告的头盔使用相关的因素相似。男性、年轻人（≤24岁）、教育程度较低以及未拥有头盔与不戴头盔的风险较高相关联。男性、年轻人（≤24岁）、未上学、骑发动机排量较小的摩托车以及骑摩托车用于上学/上班以外的目的与头盔使用报告过度相关。
自我报告高估了头盔使用率，且随着实际头盔使用率的增加而降低。访谈还能确定与头盔使用相关的因素。增加头盔拥有量并加强执法可能有助于提高头盔使用率。
