Phneah Swee Wu, Nisar Humaira
Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia.
Australas Phys Eng Sci Med. 2017 Jun;40(2):325-336. doi: 10.1007/s13246-017-0538-2. Epub 2017 Mar 13.
The aim of this paper is to develop a preliminary neurofeedback system to improve the mood of the subjects using audio signals by enhancing their alpha brainwaves. Assessment of the effect of music on the human subjects is performed using three methods; subjective assessment of mood with the help of a questionnaire, the effect on brain by analysing EEG signals, and the effect on body by physiological assessment. In this study, two experiments have been designed. The first experiment was to determine the short-term effect of music on soothing human subjects, whereas the second experiment was to determine its long-term effect. Two types of music were used in the first experiment, the favourite music selected by the participants and a relaxing music with alpha wave binaural beats. The research findings showed that the relaxing music has a better soothing effect on the participants psychologically and physiologically. However, the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed that the short-term soothing effect of both favourite music and relaxing music was not significant in changing the mean alpha absolute power and mean physiological measures (blood pressure and heart rate) at the significance level of 0.05. The second experiment was somewhat similar to an alpha neurofeedback training whereby the participants trained their brains to produce more alpha brainwaves by listening to the relaxing music with alpha wave binaural beats for a duration of 30 min daily. The results showed that the relaxing music has a long-term psychological and physiological effect on soothing the participants, as can be observed from the increase in alpha power and decrease in physiological measures after each session of training. The training was found to be effective in increasing the alpha power significantly [F(2,12) = 11.5458 and p = 0.0016], but no significant reduction in physiological measures was observed at the significance level of 0.05.
本文旨在开发一个初步的神经反馈系统，通过增强受试者的阿尔法脑电波，利用音频信号来改善他们的情绪。使用三种方法对音乐对人类受试者的影响进行评估：借助问卷对情绪进行主观评估、通过分析脑电图信号来评估对大脑的影响，以及通过生理评估来评估对身体的影响。在本研究中，设计了两个实验。第一个实验是确定音乐对舒缓人类受试者的短期影响，而第二个实验是确定其长期影响。在第一个实验中使用了两种类型的音乐，即参与者选择的喜爱音乐和带有阿尔法波双耳节拍的放松音乐。研究结果表明，放松音乐在心理和生理上对参与者具有更好的舒缓效果。然而，单因素方差分析（ANOVA）结果表明，在0.05的显著性水平下，喜爱音乐和放松音乐的短期舒缓效果在改变平均阿尔法绝对功率和平均生理指标（血压和心率）方面并不显著。第二个实验在某种程度上类似于阿尔法神经反馈训练，参与者通过每天听30分钟带有阿尔法波双耳节拍的放松音乐来训练他们的大脑以产生更多的阿尔法脑电波。结果表明，放松音乐对舒缓参与者具有长期的心理和生理影响，从每次训练后阿尔法功率的增加和生理指标的下降可以看出。发现该训练在显著增加阿尔法功率方面是有效的[F(2,12) = 11.5458，p = 0.0016]，但在0.05的显著性水平下未观察到生理指标有显著降低。
