de Groot Anton
From acdegroot publishing, Wapserveen, The Netherlands.
Dermatitis. 2017 Mar/Apr;28(2):95-114. doi: 10.1097/DER.0000000000000255.
The literature on contact allergy to (ingredients of) toothpastes is critically reviewed. We have found 47 case reports, small case series (n = 2-5) and citations published between 1900 and 2016 describing more than 60 patients allergic to toothpastes, and in addition 3 larger case series and many descriptions of toothpaste allergy among selected groups of patients. Allergic reactions usually manifest as cheilitis with or without dermatitis around the mouth, less frequently by oral symptoms. Formerly, many reactions were caused by cinnamon derivatives; more recently, reported allergens are diverse. A semiopen test or closed patch test with the toothpaste "as is" may be performed as an initial test, but a positive reaction should always be followed by confirmatory tests. The role of contact allergy to toothpastes in patients with oral symptoms (stomatitis, glossitis, gingivitis, buccal mucositis, burning, soreness, and possibly burning mouth syndrome and recurrent aphthous ulcers) is unclear and should be further investigated.
对牙膏（成分）接触性过敏的文献进行了批判性综述。我们发现了47例病例报告、小病例系列（n = 2 - 5）以及1900年至2016年间发表的描述60多名对牙膏过敏患者的文献引用，此外还有3个较大的病例系列以及在特定患者群体中对牙膏过敏的诸多描述。过敏反应通常表现为伴有或不伴有口周皮炎的唇炎，较少表现为口腔症状。以前，许多反应是由肉桂衍生物引起的；最近，报告的过敏原多种多样。可以使用原装牙膏进行半开放式试验或封闭式斑贴试验作为初始试验，但阳性反应后应始终进行确证试验。牙膏接触性过敏在有口腔症状（口腔炎、舌炎、牙龈炎、颊部粘膜炎、灼痛、酸痛，可能还有灼口综合征和复发性阿弗他溃疡）患者中的作用尚不清楚，应进一步研究。
