Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Lab of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Environmental Science, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston 02115, USA.
Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; University of Paris-Est, Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Health and Comfort Department, French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI), 84 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Champs sur Marne, 77447 Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Jul 15;590-591:394-405. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.187. Epub 2017 Mar 11.
The Huai River and Qingling Mountain divide (H-Q) divide China into north and south with respect to public policies for building construction and operation practises. China's building energy efficiency standard mandates that air exchange rates be 0.5h north of the H-Q divide and 1h south of the divide. China's heating policy allows space heating systems only north of the H-Q divide. Consequently, indoor temperature and humidity differ considerably between north and south. A theoretical model using indoor temperature, humidity, and air change rate was developed to predict indoor formaldehyde concentrations. Data for 39 cities were obtained from 42 studies. There was good agreement between the literature and modelling in a theoretical reference room. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.EPA) model was applied to estimate cancer risk from formaldehyde exposure indoors. The median indoor formaldehyde concentration for renovation ever from 2002 to 2015 in Chinese cities was 125μg/m, which is higher than the WHO threshold, 100μg/m. The median indoor formaldehyde concentrations in the north were higher than in the south (0.5 times higher for dwellings renovated within the past year and 0.2 times higher for renovation ever), driven by the much higher northern winter concentrations (40-1320%). The U.S.EPA model predicts that the lifetime formaldehyde related cancer risk for people living north of the H-Q divide is 1.2 times greater than for people living south. This can be partly explained by greater indoor exposure to formaldehyde for Chinese living north of the H-Q divide.
淮河流域和秦岭将中国分为南北两部分，这涉及到建筑施工和运营实践方面的公共政策。中国的建筑节能标准要求在 H-Q 分界线以北地区的空气交换率为 0.5h，在分界线以南地区的空气交换率为 1h。中国的供暖政策只允许在 H-Q 分界线以北地区使用供暖系统。因此，中国南北地区的室内温度和湿度有很大差异。本研究采用室内温度、湿度和空气交换率的理论模型来预测室内甲醛浓度。从 42 项研究中获取了 39 个城市的数据。文献和模型在理论参考室中具有良好的一致性。美国环保署（U.S.EPA）模型被应用于估算室内甲醛暴露引起的癌症风险。2002 年至 2015 年，中国城市装修后室内甲醛浓度的中位数为 125μg/m，高于世卫组织阈值 100μg/m。北方的室内甲醛浓度中位数高于南方（过去一年装修的住宅高 0.5 倍，翻新过的住宅高 0.2 倍），这主要是由于北方冬季甲醛浓度更高（40-1320%）。U.S.EPA 模型预测，居住在 H-Q 分界线以北的人一生中因甲醛而患癌症的风险是居住在分界线以南的人的 1.2 倍。这在一定程度上可以解释为中国北方的人在室内接触到更多的甲醛。
