Goldzak-Kunik Galit, Leshem Micah
Nutrition Unit, Department of Diabetes, Haifa and Western Galilee, Clalit Health Services, Lin Medical Center, Rothschild Street 37, Haifa, Israel.
Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, 31905 Haifa, Israel.
Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2017 Mar 14;11:13. doi: 10.1186/s13034-017-0150-y. eCollection 2017.
To distinguish between ethnic differences among segregated schoolgirls and restrictive anorexia nervosa using a simple culture-fair test of body image (BI) figure drawings.
Several responses to BI figure drawings by 178 adolescent schoolgirls from three ethnically distinct and segregated schools and communities in Israel, Jewish secular (JS), Jewish Haredi (H), and Christian Arab (C), and a group of 14 severely restricting anorexic girls (AN). BI evaluations were analyzed by MANCOVA, followed by paired or Student-t tests for comparisons between responses and groups respectively. Pearson r served for correlations and the Fisher Z for differences between slopes.
Despite the total ethnic segregation among the schoolgirls, there are commonalities; all prefer a thinner ideal BI, and are similarly dissatisfied with their BI. However, ethnic differences also emerge: C underestimate their BI and how others view them, and H true and Ideal BI evaluations correlate, unlike the other groups. Despite this variability, and in stark contrast, the anorexic girls show a gross misperception of their BI, even in comparison to girls equated for BMI.
The findings show that figure drawings evaluation of BI is a simple and robust instrument dissociating clinical and ethnic responses. Clinicians may consider body figure drawings as a simple, supportive, diagnostic for first-line recognition for risk of AN in adolescent girls.
使用一种简单的、不受文化影响的身体形象（BI）图形绘画测试，区分种族隔离的女学生与限制性神经性厌食症之间的种族差异。
来自以色列三个种族不同且隔离的学校和社区的178名青春期女学生，即犹太世俗派（JS）、犹太哈雷迪派（H）和基督教阿拉伯派（C），以及一组14名严重限制性厌食症女孩（AN），对BI图形绘画做出了几种反应。通过多变量协方差分析（MANCOVA）对BI评估进行分析，随后分别使用配对或学生t检验对反应和组间进行比较。皮尔逊相关系数r用于相关性分析，费舍尔Z检验用于斜率差异分析。
尽管女学生之间存在完全的种族隔离，但仍有一些共性；所有人都更喜欢更瘦的理想BI，并且对自己的BI同样不满意。然而，种族差异也显现出来：C组低估了自己的BI以及他人对她们的看法，并且H组的真实BI和理想BI评估相关，这与其他组不同。尽管存在这种变异性，但与之形成鲜明对比的是，厌食症女孩对自己的BI表现出严重的误解，即使与体重指数相同的女孩相比也是如此。
研究结果表明，对BI的图形绘画评估是一种简单而有力的工具，可区分临床反应和种族反应。临床医生可将身体图形绘画视为一种简单、辅助性的诊断方法，用于一线识别青春期女孩患神经性厌食症的风险。
