Müller Matthias J, Zink Sabrina, Koch Eckhardt
Vitos Clinical Centre for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Giessen-Marburg, Licher Straße 106, 35394, Giessen, Germany.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
J Immigr Minor Health. 2018 Apr;20(2):317-326. doi: 10.1007/s10903-017-0555-y.
Several studies indicate that immigration is associated with a higher risk for mental disorders, particularly in refugees and asylum seekers. We investigated migration-related distress in outpatients with Turkish migration background and a psychiatric disorder. Asylum applicants (ASA) and migrants with a permanent residency status (PRS) from a specialized German psychiatric outpatient service were compared with respect to clinical variables and stressors related to migration and acculturation. Of n = 620 migrant outpatients (main diagnosis: 3.9% ICD-10 F2, 58.2% F3, 36.5% F4, 1.5% F60), n = 78 (12.6%) were ASA with larger proportions of illiteracy and language difficulties. Communication problems, stress related to migration, shame feelings, homesickness and perceived discrimination occurred more often in ASA whereas family conflicts were more frequent in PRS (P < 0.05). According to our results, adaptation to the new environment of asylum applicants implies more difficulties, especially language problems, feelings of shame, and experience of discrimination. Asylum seeking seems to denote an additional severe psychological stressor.
多项研究表明，移民与精神障碍风险较高相关，尤其是在难民和寻求庇护者中。我们调查了有土耳其移民背景且患有精神疾病的门诊患者中与移民相关的痛苦情况。将来自德国一家专门精神科门诊服务机构的庇护申请者（ASA）和具有永久居留身份（PRS）的移民在与移民和文化适应相关的临床变量及压力源方面进行了比较。在n = 620名移民门诊患者中（主要诊断：国际疾病分类第10版F2占3.9%，F3占58.2%，F4占36.5%，F60占1.5%），n = 78名（12.6%）是庇护申请者，文盲和语言困难比例更高。沟通问题、与移民相关的压力、羞耻感、思乡之情和感知到的歧视在庇护申请者中更常出现，而家庭冲突在永久居留者中更频繁（P < 0.05）。根据我们的结果，适应庇护申请者的新环境意味着更多困难，尤其是语言问题、羞耻感和歧视经历。寻求庇护似乎意味着一种额外的严重心理压力源。
