Wallmeier Jens, Samol Claudia, Ellmann Lisa, Zacharias Helena U, Vogl Franziska C, Garcia Muriel, Dettmer Katja, Oefner Peter J, Gronwald Wolfram
Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg , Am Biopark 9, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
J Proteome Res. 2017 Apr 7;16(4):1784-1796. doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00057. Epub 2017 Mar 24.
The high reliability of NMR spectroscopy makes it an ideal tool for large-scale metabolomic studies. However, the complexity of biofluids and, in particular, the presence of macromolecules poses a significant challenge. Ultrafiltration and protein precipitation are established means of deproteinization and recovery of free or total metabolite content, but neither is ever complete. In addition, aside from cost and labor, all deproteinization methods constitute an additional source of experimental variation. The Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) echo-train acquisition of NMR spectra obviates the need for prior deproteinization by attenuating signals from macromolecules, but concentration values of metabolites measured in blood plasma will not necessarily reflect total or free metabolite content. Here, in contrast to approaches that propose the determination of individual T and T relaxation times for the computation of correction factors, we demonstrate their determination by spike-in experiments with known amounts of metabolites in pooled samples of the matrix of interest to facilitate the measurement of total metabolite content. Provided that the protein content does not vary too much among individual samples, accurate quantitation of metabolites is feasible. Moreover, samples with significantly deviating protein content may be readily recognized by inclusion of a standard that shows moderate protein binding. It is also shown that urinary proteins when present in high concentrations may effect detection of common urinary metabolites prone to strong protein binding such as tryptophan.
核磁共振波谱法的高可靠性使其成为大规模代谢组学研究的理想工具。然而,生物流体的复杂性,尤其是大分子的存在带来了重大挑战。超滤和蛋白质沉淀是常用的脱蛋白方法以及回收游离或总代谢物含量的方法,但都不完全。此外,除了成本和人力外,所有脱蛋白方法都是实验变异的额外来源。核磁共振谱的Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill(CPMG)回波串采集通过衰减来自大分子的信号消除了预先脱蛋白的需要,但血浆中测得的代谢物浓度值不一定反映总代谢物或游离代谢物含量。在此,与通过计算校正因子来确定各个T1和T2弛豫时间的方法不同,我们通过在感兴趣基质的混合样品中加入已知量的代谢物进行加标实验来证明其测定,以利于测量总代谢物含量。如果各个样品之间的蛋白质含量变化不是太大,代谢物的准确定量是可行的。此外,通过加入显示适度蛋白质结合的标准品,可以很容易地识别出蛋白质含量明显偏离的样品。研究还表明,高浓度存在的尿蛋白可能会影响对易于与蛋白质强烈结合的常见尿代谢物(如色氨酸)的检测。
J Proteome Res. 2017-4-7
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