National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2017 Sep;36(5):597-601. doi: 10.1111/dar.12509. Epub 2017 Mar 12.
New Zealand is considered to have unusual drug use patterns by international standards. However, this understanding has largely been obtained from social surveys where respondents self-report use. The aim of this paper is to conduct the first wastewater study of drug use in Auckland.
Wastewater sampling was completed from 2 May to 18 July 2014 at 2 Auckland wastewater treatment plants which service 1.3 million people. Samples were analysed for 17 drug residues by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Consumption of methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), cocaine, codeine and methadone (mg/day/1000 people) was estimated by using a back-calculation formula.
Methamphetamine, codeine, morphine and methadone were detected with high frequency (80-100%), followed by amphetamine (60%), MDMA (7%, i.e. 8 occasions) and methylone (3 occasions). An overall mean of 360 mg of methamphetamine and 60 mg of MDMA was estimated to have been consumed per day per 1000 people. Methamphetamine consumption was found at similar levels in both catchments (377 and 351 mg/day/1000 people). Cocaine was only detected in 1 catchment and on only 8 occasions. JWH-018 was detected in 1 catchment and only on 1 occasion. Methamphetamine, codeine and other opioids were detected at a consistent level throughout the week. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine and methylone were detected only during the weekends.
Wastewater analysis confirms that methamphetamine was one of the most commonly detected illegal drugs in Auckland and was detected consistently throughout the week. In contrast, cocaine and MDMA were rarely detected, with detection limited to weekends. [Lai FY, Wilkins C, Thai P, Mueller JF. An exploratory wastewater analysis study of drug use in Auckland, New Zealand. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;00:000-000].
按国际标准，新西兰的药物使用模式被认为不同寻常。然而，这种理解在很大程度上是通过社会调查获得的，受访者在调查中自我报告了他们的使用情况。本文的目的是进行奥克兰首次污水药物使用研究。
2014 年 5 月 2 日至 7 月 18 日，在为 130 万人提供服务的奥克兰 2 个污水处理厂进行了污水采样。使用液相色谱-串联质谱法对 17 种药物残留进行了分析。使用回溯公式估算了甲基苯丙胺、3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺（MDMA）、可卡因、可待因和美沙酮（mg/天/1000 人）的消耗量。
甲基苯丙胺、可待因、吗啡和美沙酮的检出率很高（80-100%），其次是安非他命（60%）、MDMA（7%，即 8 次）和甲基酮（3 次）。估计每天每 1000 人平均消耗 360 毫克甲基苯丙胺和 60 毫克 MDMA。两个集水区的甲基苯丙胺消耗量相似（377 和 351mg/天/1000 人）。可卡因仅在一个集水区检测到，仅 8 次。JWH-018 在一个集水区仅检测到一次。甲基苯丙胺、可待因和其他阿片类药物在整个星期内检测到的水平一致。3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺和甲基酮仅在周末检测到。
污水分析证实，甲基苯丙胺是奥克兰最常检测到的非法药物之一，并且在整个星期内都有一致的检测结果。相比之下，可卡因和 MDMA 很少被检测到，检测仅限于周末。
