Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Eur J Nutr. 2018 Sep;57(6):2295-2306. doi: 10.1007/s00394-018-1652-y. Epub 2018 Mar 5.
OBJECTIVE: Findings from observational studies on the relationship between fruit and vegetables consumption and risk of mental disorders are contradictory. We aimed to examine the association between fruit and vegetables intake and prevalence of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress in a large group of Iranian adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 3362 people of Iranian adults working in 50 health centers. Dietary data were collected using a validated dish-based 106-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The Iranian-validated version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to screen for anxiety and depression. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) was used to assess psychological distress. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and high psychological distress among the study population was 30.0, 15.2, and 25.0%, respectively. Women in the top quintile of fruit intake, compared with those in the bottom quintile, had 57, 50, and 60% lower odds of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress. Consumption of vegetables was significantly associated with lower odds of depression (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.46, 0.93) in women and lower odds of anxiety (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.22, 0.87) in men. In addition, after adjustment for potential confounders, women in the highest quintile of fruit and vegetables intake, compared with those in the bottom quintile, had significantly lower odds of depression (OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.37, 0.80) and psychological distress (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.40, 0.90). Furthermore, high intake of total fruit and vegetables was associated with lower odds of psychological distress (OR 0.42; 95% CI 0.21, 0.81) in men. CONCLUSION: We found significant inverse associations between high intake of fruit with depression, anxiety, and psychological distress in Iranian women. High consumption of vegetables was also associated with lower risk of depression and anxiety, respectively, in women and men. In addition, high intake of total fruit and vegetable was associated with lower odds of depression and psychological distress in women and men.
目的：关于水果和蔬菜摄入与精神障碍风险之间关系的观察性研究结果存在矛盾。我们旨在研究大量伊朗成年人中水果和蔬菜摄入与抑郁、焦虑和心理困扰患病率之间的关联。
方法：本横断面研究纳入了 50 个卫生中心的 3362 名伊朗成年工作人员。采用经过验证的基于餐盘的 106 项半定量食物频率问卷（FFQ）收集饮食数据。使用经过伊朗验证的医院焦虑和抑郁量表（HADS）筛查焦虑和抑郁。使用一般健康问卷（GHQ）评估心理困扰。
结果：研究人群中抑郁、焦虑和高心理困扰的患病率分别为 30.0%、15.2%和 25.0%。与最低五分位组相比，水果摄入量最高五分位组的女性患抑郁、焦虑和心理困扰的几率分别降低了 57%、50%和 60%。女性蔬菜摄入量与抑郁几率降低显著相关（OR 0.65；95%CI 0.46，0.93），男性焦虑几率降低显著相关（OR 0.43；95%CI 0.22，0.87）。此外，在调整了潜在混杂因素后，与最低五分位组相比，水果和蔬菜摄入量最高五分位组的女性患抑郁（OR 0.55；95%CI 0.37，0.80）和心理困扰（OR 0.60；95%CI 0.40，0.90）的几率显著降低。此外，男性总水果和蔬菜摄入量较高与心理困扰几率降低显著相关（OR 0.42；95%CI 0.21，0.81）。
结论：我们发现，伊朗女性中水果摄入与抑郁、焦虑和心理困扰呈显著负相关。蔬菜摄入量较高与女性的抑郁和男性的焦虑风险降低分别相关。此外，女性和男性总水果和蔬菜摄入量较高与抑郁和心理困扰几率降低相关。
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