Alhalafi Ali Mohammed
Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh 11481, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Oman J Ophthalmol. 2017 Jan-Apr;10(1):3-8. doi: 10.4103/0974-620X.200692.
We are entering a new era of ophthalmic pharmacology where new drugs are rapidly being developed for the treatment of anterior and posterior segment of the eye disease. The pharmacokinetics of drug delivery to the eye remains a very active area of ophthalmic research. Intraocular drug delivery systems allow the release of the drug, bypassing the blood-ocular barrier. The main advantage of these preparations is that they can release the drug over a long time with one single administration. These pharmaceutical systems are of great important in the treatment of the posterior segment diseases, and they can be prepared from biodegradable or nonbiodegradable polymers. Biodegradable polymers have the advantage of disappearing from the site of action after releasing the drug. The majority of intraocular devices are prepared from nonbiodegradable polymers, and they can release controlled amounts of drugs for months. Nonbiodegradable polymers include silicone, polyvinyl alcohol, and ethylene-vinyl acetate. The polymers usually employed to prepare nanoparticles for the topical ophthalmic route are poly (acrylic acid) derivatives (polyalquilcyanocrylates), albumin, poly-ε-caprolactone, and chitosan. Dendrimers are a recent class of polymeric materials with unique nanostructure which has been studied to discover their role in the delivery of therapeutics and imaging agents. Hydrogels are polymers that can swell in aqueous solvent system, and they hold the solvents in a swollen cross-linked gel for delivery. This review exhibits the current literature regarding applications of polymers in ophthalmic drug delivery systems including pharmacokinetics, advantages, disadvantages, and indications aimed to obtain successful eye therapy.
A systematic literature review was performed using PubMed databases into two steps. The first step was oriented to classification of intraocular polymers implants focusing on their advantages and disadvantages. The second step was focused on the role of polymers therapy for intraocular pathology with clinical examples. The search strategy was not limited by year of publication.
我们正进入眼科药理学的新时代，新药物正迅速研发用于治疗眼部前段和后段疾病。药物输送到眼部的药代动力学仍是眼科研究的一个非常活跃的领域。眼内给药系统可绕过血眼屏障释放药物。这些制剂的主要优点是单次给药就能长时间释放药物。这些药物系统在治疗后段疾病方面非常重要，可由可生物降解或不可生物降解的聚合物制备。可生物降解聚合物的优点是在释放药物后从作用部位消失。大多数眼内装置由不可生物降解聚合物制备，它们可数月释放可控量的药物。不可生物降解聚合物包括硅酮、聚乙烯醇和乙烯 - 醋酸乙烯酯。通常用于制备局部眼科途径纳米颗粒的聚合物是聚（丙烯酸）衍生物（聚烷基氰基丙烯酸酯）、白蛋白、聚 - ε - 己内酯和壳聚糖。树枝状大分子是一类具有独特纳米结构的新型聚合物材料，已被研究以发现它们在治疗剂和成像剂递送中的作用。水凝胶是能在水性溶剂系统中溶胀的聚合物，它们将溶剂保持在溶胀的交联凝胶中用于递送。本综述展示了关于聚合物在眼科药物递送系统中的应用的当前文献，包括药代动力学、优点、缺点和适应症，旨在实现成功的眼部治疗。
使用PubMed数据库分两步进行系统的文献综述。第一步旨在对眼内聚合物植入物进行分类，重点关注其优缺点。第二步聚焦于聚合物疗法在眼内病理学中的作用并列举临床实例。检索策略不受出版年份限制。
