Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
Department of Ophthalmology, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Aug 19;24(16):12976. doi: 10.3390/ijms241612976.
Ocular drug delivery is a challenging field due to the unique anatomical and physiological barriers of the eye. Biodegradable polymers have emerged as promising tools for efficient and controlled drug delivery in ocular diseases. This review provides an overview of biodegradable polymer-based drug-delivery systems for ocular diseases with emphasis on the potential for biodegradable polymers to overcome the limitations of conventional methods, allowing for sustained drug release, improved bioavailability, and targeted therapy. Natural and synthetic polymers are both discussed, highlighting their biodegradability and biocompatibility. Various formulation strategies, such as nanoparticles, hydrogels, and microemulsions, among others, are investigated, detailing preparation methods, drug encapsulation, and clinical applications. The focus is on anterior and posterior segment drug delivery, covering glaucoma, corneal disorders, ocular inflammation, retinal diseases, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. Safety considerations, such as biocompatibility evaluations, in vivo toxicity studies, and clinical safety, are addressed. Future perspectives encompass advancements, regulatory considerations, and clinical translation challenges. In conclusion, biodegradable polymers offer potential for efficient and targeted ocular drug delivery, improving therapeutic outcomes while reducing side effects. Further research is needed to optimize formulation strategies and address regulatory requirements for successful clinical implementation.
眼部药物递送是一个具有挑战性的领域，因为眼睛具有独特的解剖学和生理学屏障。可生物降解聚合物已成为眼部疾病中高效和控制药物递送的有前途的工具。本综述介绍了用于眼部疾病的基于可生物降解聚合物的药物递送系统，重点介绍了可生物降解聚合物克服传统方法局限性的潜力，使药物能够持续释放、提高生物利用度和实现靶向治疗。讨论了天然和合成聚合物，强调了它们的可生物降解性和生物相容性。研究了各种制剂策略，如纳米粒、水凝胶和微乳液等，详细介绍了制备方法、药物包封和临床应用。重点关注前节和后节药物递送，涵盖青光眼、角膜疾病、眼部炎症、视网膜疾病、年龄相关性黄斑变性和糖尿病性视网膜病变。还讨论了安全性考虑因素，如生物相容性评估、体内毒性研究和临床安全性。未来展望包括进展、监管考虑因素和临床转化挑战。总之，可生物降解聚合物为高效和靶向眼部药物递送提供了潜力，改善了治疗效果，同时减少了副作用。需要进一步研究来优化制剂策略并解决成功临床应用的监管要求。
