美国枪支及其他噪音暴露的流行病学研究。
Epidemiology of firearm and other noise exposures in the United States.
作者信息
Bhatt Jay M, Lin Harrison W, Bhattacharyya Neil
机构信息
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, U.S.A.
Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
出版信息
Laryngoscope. 2017 Oct;127(10):E340-E346. doi: 10.1002/lary.26540. Epub 2017 Mar 16.
OBJECTIVE
Identify contemporary noise exposures and hearing protection use among adults.
STUDY DESIGN
Cross-sectional analysis of national health survey.
METHODS
Adult respondents in the 2014 National Health Interview Series hearing survey module were analyzed. Potentially harmful exposures to occupational and recreational noises in the past 12 months were extracted and quantified. Patterns of hearing protection use also were analyzed.
RESULTS
Among 239.7 million adults, "loud" and "very loud" occupational noise exposures were reported by 5.3% and 21.7%, respectively. Of those exposed to "loud" or "very loud" sounds at work, only 18.7% and 43.6%, respectively, always used hearing protection. A total of 38.2% (1.9 million) of those with "very loud" occupational exposures never used hearing protection. Frequent (> 10/year) "loud" and "very loud" recreational noise exposures were reported by 13.9% and 21.1%, respectively, most commonly to lawn mowers (72.6% and 55.2%, respectively). When exposed to recreational "loud/very loud" noise, only 11.4% always used hearing protection, whereas 62.3% (6.3 million) never used any protection. Lifetime exposure to firearm noise was reported by 36.6% of adults, 11.5% of whom had used firearms in the prior 12 months. Of those, only 58.5% always used hearing protection, whereas 21.4% (7.4 million) never used hearing protection.
CONCLUSION
Substantial noise exposures with potentially serious long-term hearing health consequences frequently are occurring in occupational and recreational settings, and with the use of firearms. Only a minority of those exposed consistently are using hearing protection. Healthcare providers should actively identify and encourage the use of hearing protection with those patients at risk.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
- Laryngoscope, 127:E340-E346, 2017.
目的
确定成年人当前的噪声暴露情况及听力保护措施的使用情况。
研究设计
对全国健康调查进行横断面分析。
方法
分析2014年全国健康访谈系列听力调查模块中的成年受访者。提取并量化过去12个月中职业和娱乐噪声的潜在有害暴露情况。同时分析听力保护措施的使用模式。
结果
在2.397亿成年人中，分别有5.3%和21.7%报告有“大声”和“非常大声”的职业噪声暴露。在工作中暴露于“大声”或“非常大声”声音的人群中，始终使用听力保护措施的分别仅为18.7%和43.6%。在有“非常大声”职业暴露的人群中，共有38.2%（190万）从未使用过听力保护措施。分别有13.9%和21.1%的人报告经常（每年>10次）暴露于“大声”和“非常大声”的娱乐噪声中，最常见的是接触割草机（分别为72.6%和55.2%）。当暴露于娱乐性“大声/非常大声”噪声时，只有11.4%的人始终使用听力保护措施，而62.3%（630万）的人从未使用过任何保护措施。36.6%的成年人报告有终身枪支噪声暴露，其中11.5%的人在过去12个月内使用过枪支。在这些人中，只有58.5%的人始终使用听力保护措施，而21.4%（740万）的人从未使用过听力保护措施。
结论
职业、娱乐环境以及使用枪支时，经常会出现大量可能对长期听力健康造成严重后果的噪声暴露。只有少数暴露者始终使用听力保护措施。医疗保健提供者应积极识别并鼓励有风险的患者使用听力保护措施。
证据级别
4。《喉镜》，2017年，第127卷，E340 - E346页。
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