Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore; email:
Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; email:
Annu Rev Biochem. 2017 Jun 20;86:659-684. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-061516-044932. Epub 2017 Feb 23.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has a broad localization throughout the cell and forms direct physical contacts with all other classes of membranous organelles, including the plasma membrane (PM). A number of protein tethers that mediate these contacts have been identified, and study of these protein tethers has revealed a multiplicity of roles in cell physiology, including regulation of intracellular Ca dynamics and signaling as well as control of lipid traffic and homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the cross talk between the ER and the PM mediated by direct contacts. We review factors that tether the two membranes, their properties, and their dynamics in response to the functional state of the cell. We focus in particular on the role of ER-PM contacts in nonvesicular lipid transport between the two bilayers mediated by lipid transfer proteins.
内质网（ER）在整个细胞中广泛定位，并与所有其他膜细胞器类别形成直接的物理接触，包括质膜（PM）。已经鉴定出许多介导这些接触的蛋白质接头，对这些蛋白质接头的研究揭示了它们在细胞生理学中的多种作用，包括调节细胞内 Ca 动力学和信号转导以及控制脂质运输和动态平衡。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了由直接接触介导的 ER 和 PM 之间的串扰。我们回顾了将这两个膜连接起来的因素、它们的特性以及它们在响应细胞功能状态时的动力学。我们特别关注 ER-PM 接触在由脂质转移蛋白介导的两个双层之间的非囊泡脂质转运中的作用。
