Singhal Atul
The Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
Ann Nutr Metab. 2017;70(3):236-240. doi: 10.1159/000464302. Epub 2017 Mar 17.
Whilst prevention of growth faltering has both short- and long-term health benefits, whether too fast or accelerated infant growth adversely affects later health outcomes is controversial and a major focus of research.
Many observational studies suggest that rapid weight gain in infancy (upward centile crossing) increases the long-term risk of obesity and non-communicable disease. This association has been seen in infants from low- and high-income countries, in infants born preterm or at term, and those born with normal or low birth weight for gestation. Experimental (randomized) studies in both breast- and formula-fed infants support a causal link between early growth acceleration and infant nutrition and later risk of obesity. These observations suggest that strategies to optimize the pattern of infant growth could make a major contribution to stemming the current global epidemic of non-communicable disease. Key Messages: The optimal pattern of infant weight gain is likely to differ in different populations. The benefits of rapid infant weight gain for later neurodevelopment favors the promotion of rapid growth in infants born preterm. However, growth acceleration in healthy infants born at term (either normal or low birth weight for gestation) is likely to have adverse effects for long-term health.
虽然预防生长发育迟缓对短期和长期健康都有益处，但婴儿生长过快或加速是否会对后期健康结果产生不利影响仍存在争议，也是研究的主要焦点。
许多观察性研究表明，婴儿期体重快速增加（跨越百分位数上升）会增加肥胖和非传染性疾病的长期风险。这种关联在低收入和高收入国家的婴儿、早产或足月出生的婴儿以及出生时体重正常或低于孕周正常体重的婴儿中都有发现。对母乳喂养和配方奶喂养婴儿的实验性（随机）研究支持早期生长加速与婴儿营养以及后期肥胖风险之间存在因果关系。这些观察结果表明，优化婴儿生长模式的策略可能对遏制当前全球非传染性疾病流行做出重大贡献。关键信息：婴儿体重增加的最佳模式可能因不同人群而异。婴儿体重快速增加对后期神经发育的益处有利于促进早产婴儿的快速生长。然而，足月出生的健康婴儿（无论是孕周正常体重还是低于孕周正常体重）生长加速可能对长期健康产生不利影响。
