Büchner A, Gärtner L
Hörzentrum der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover, Karl-Wiechert-Allee 3, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland.
HNO. 2017 Apr;65(4):276-289. doi: 10.1007/s00106-017-0339-7.
Twenty years ago, cochlear implants (CI) were indicated only in cases of profound hearing loss or complete deafness. While from today's perspective the technology was clumsy and provided patients with only limited speech comprehension in quiet scenarios, successive advances in CI technology and the consequent substantial hearing improvements over time have since then resulted in continuous relaxation of indication criteria toward residual hearing. While achievements in implant and processor electronics have been one key factor for the ever-improving hearing performance, development of electro-acoustic CI systems-together with atraumatic implantation concepts-has led to enormous improvements in patients with low-frequency residual hearing. Manufactures have designed special processors with integrated hearing aid components for this patient group, which are capable of conveying acoustic and electric stimulation. A further milestone in improvement of hearing in challenging listening environments was the adoption of signal enhancement algorithms and assistive listening devices from the hearing aid industry. This article gives an overview of the current state of the art in the abovementioned areas of CI technology.
二十年前，人工耳蜗（CI）仅适用于极重度听力损失或全聋的病例。从当今的角度来看，当时的技术很笨拙，仅能让患者在安静环境中获得有限的言语理解能力。此后，随着人工耳蜗技术的不断进步以及随之而来的听力显著改善，适应症标准逐渐放宽至针对有残余听力的患者。虽然植入体和处理器电子设备的进步是听力性能不断提高的一个关键因素，但电声人工耳蜗系统的发展以及无创植入概念，已使低频残余听力患者的听力有了巨大改善。制造商为这一患者群体设计了集成助听器组件的特殊处理器，这些处理器能够传递声刺激和电刺激。在具有挑战性的聆听环境中改善听力的另一个里程碑是采用了来自助听器行业的信号增强算法和辅助聆听设备。本文概述了上述人工耳蜗技术领域的当前技术水平。
