Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
Agriculture and Oenology Research Dept., Eastern R&D center, Ariel, Israel.
Sci Rep. 2017 Mar 17;7:44463. doi: 10.1038/srep44463.
The importance and extent of wine consumption in all life aspects at the Holy Land is well documented. The Muslim influence in this region led to the abandonment of winemaking practices, and possible loss of indigenous wine varieties. Here we present a country wide collection of the local grapevine population including wild and cultivated forms, and its characterization by genetic, ampelographic and enological methods. The ampelographic analysis shows clear differences between Sativa and Sylvestris groups in flower, leaf and cluster parameters, and that most Sativa belong to proles orientalis. Genetic population analysis was conducted by analyzing 22 common SSR markers, determining first the unique genotypes, and internally assessing the population's structure, showing the existence of two distinct Sativa and Sylvestris populations, and a third mixed one. Likewise, the relationship between the Israeli grapevine population and grapevine populations in Europe and parts of Asia was investigated, showing that the Israeli Sativa and Sylvestris populations cluster closely together, suggesting a common genetic source. Lastly, the enological characteristics of selected Sativa and Sylvestris genotypes are presented, demonstrating their potential for quality wine production. This research significantly contributes toward the re-establishment of indigenous and traditional local grapevine varieties into the modern international wine industry.
圣地的人们在生活的方方面面都非常重视葡萄酒的消费，这一点有大量的文献记载。该地区的穆斯林影响导致了酿酒实践的摒弃，以及可能失去本土的葡萄酒品种。在这里，我们展示了对包括野生和栽培形式在内的当地葡萄种群的全国性收集，并通过遗传、植物学和酿造学方法对其进行了特征描述。植物学分析显示，在花、叶和果穗参数方面，Sativa 和 Sylvestris 群体之间存在明显差异，而且大多数的 Sativa 属于东方 Proles。通过分析 22 个常见的 SSR 标记进行遗传群体分析，首先确定了独特的基因型，并对内部分析了种群结构，表明存在两个不同的 Sativa 和 Sylvestris 群体，以及第三个混合群体。同样，还调查了以色列葡萄种群与欧洲和亚洲部分地区葡萄种群之间的关系，结果表明，以色列的 Sativa 和 Sylvestris 种群聚类紧密，表明存在共同的遗传来源。最后，还展示了选定的 Sativa 和 Sylvestris 基因型的酿造学特征，证明了它们在优质葡萄酒生产方面的潜力。这项研究为将本土和传统的当地葡萄品种重新引入现代国际葡萄酒行业做出了重大贡献。
