Havill Nathan P, Raffa Kenneth F
Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA e-mail:
Oecologia. 1999 Aug;120(2):295-303. doi: 10.1007/s004420050861.
We examined the effects of various wounding treatments and genotypic variation on induced resistance in Populus (Salicales: Salicaceae) against herbivory by the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Second-instar larvae grew and consumed less on leaves from induced than non-induced trees. Likewise, larvae preferred leaf disks from non-induced trees. Among induction treatments, gypsy moth feeding had the strongest and most consistent effect in behavioral choice tests. Mechanical wounding of leaves and mechanical wounding plus application of gypsy moth regurgitant had intermediate effects, while application of jasmonic acid had the weakest overall effect. Under no-choice conditions, there were no consistent trends across clones in the ability of various treatments to elicit plant responses affecting the herbivore. Levels of constitutive and inducible resistance to herbivory varied significantly among 12 Populus clones. Larvae grew up to 30-fold more, and consumed up to 250-fold more on the most suitable than the least suitable clone. Prior feeding by gypsy moths reduced larval feeding up to 71.4% on the most highly inducible clone, but it had little or no effect for the least inducible clones. There was no evidence for a relationship between levels of inducible and constitutive resistance, or between inducible resistance and phylogenetic relatedness among clones. We discuss implications for the ecology and evolution of plant-insect interactions and the management of insect pests.
我们研究了多种创伤处理和基因型变异对杨树（杨柳目：杨柳科）诱导抗性的影响，该抗性针对舞毒蛾（Lymantria dispar L.，鳞翅目：毒蛾科）的取食行为。二龄幼虫在诱导树的叶片上生长和取食的量比未诱导树的叶片少。同样，幼虫更喜欢未诱导树的叶盘。在诱导处理中，舞毒蛾取食在行为选择试验中具有最强且最一致的效果。叶片的机械损伤以及机械损伤加上舞毒蛾反吐液的施用具有中等效果，而茉莉酸的施用总体效果最弱。在无选择条件下，不同处理引发植物对食草动物产生影响的反应能力在各个无性系之间没有一致的趋势。在12个杨树无性系中，对食草动物的组成型抗性和诱导型抗性水平差异显著。幼虫在最适宜的无性系上生长速度比最不适宜的无性系快30倍，取食量多250倍。舞毒蛾先前的取食使最易诱导的无性系上幼虫的取食量减少了71.4%，但对最不易诱导的无性系几乎没有影响。没有证据表明诱导型抗性水平与组成型抗性水平之间存在关系，也没有证据表明诱导型抗性与无性系之间的系统发育相关性存在关系。我们讨论了这些结果对植物 - 昆虫相互作用的生态学和进化以及害虫管理的意义。
