Chambers J Q, Higuchi N, Schimel J P, Ferreira L V, Melack J M
Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA, , , , , , US.
Departamento de Silvicultura Tropical, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA, National Institute of Amazon Research), CP-478, Manaus, Amazonas, 69011-970, Brazil e-mail:
Oecologia. 2000 Feb;122(3):380-388. doi: 10.1007/s004420050044.
Decomposition rate constants were measured for boles of 155 large dead trees (>10 cm diameter) in central Amazon forests. Mortality data from 21 ha of permanent inventory plots, monitored for 10-15 years, were used to select dead trees for sampling. Measured rate constants varied by over 1.5 orders of magnitude (0.015-0.67 year), averaging 0.19 year with predicted error of 0.026 year. Wood density and bole diameter were significantly and inversely correlated with rate constants. A tree of average biomass was predicted to decompose at 0.17 year. Based on mortality data, an average of 7.0 trees ha year died producing 3.6 Mg ha year of coarse litter (>10 cm diameter). Mean coarse litter standing-stocks were predicted to be 21 Mg ha, with a mean residence time of 5.9 years, and a maximum mean carbon flux to the atmosphere of 1.8 Mg C ha year. Total litter is estimated to be partitioned into 16% fine wood, 30% coarse wood, and 54% non-woody litter (e.g., leaves, fruits, flowers). Decomposition rate constants for coarse litter were compiled from 20 globally distributed studies. Rates were highly correlated with mean annual temperature, giving a respiration quotient (Q ) of 2.4 (10°C).
对亚马孙中部森林中155棵直径大于10厘米的大型枯树的树干进行了分解速率常数的测量。利用21公顷永久样地10至15年的监测死亡率数据来选择用于采样的枯树。测量得到的速率常数变化超过1.5个数量级（0.015 - 0.67年），平均为0.19年，预测误差为0.026年。木材密度和树干直径与速率常数显著负相关。预计平均生物量的树木在0.17年分解。根据死亡率数据，平均每年每公顷有7.0棵树死亡，产生3.6公吨/公顷/年的粗凋落物（直径大于10厘米）。预计粗凋落物的平均现存蓄积量为21公吨/公顷，平均停留时间为5.9年，向大气的最大平均碳通量为1.8公吨碳/公顷/年。估计总凋落物分为16%的细木、30%的粗木和54%的非木质凋落物（如树叶、果实、花朵）。粗凋落物的分解速率常数是根据20项全球分布的研究汇编而成。分解速率与年平均温度高度相关，呼吸商（Q）为2.4（10°C）。
