Köhler G, Brodhun H -P, Schäller G
Sektion Biologie, WB Ökologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Neugasse 23, DDR-6900, Jena, German Democratic Republic.
Oecologia. 1987 Nov;74(1):112-121. doi: 10.1007/BF00377354.
Biomass and energy budgets and food utilization efficiencies of laboratory and wild populations of three Central European grasshopper species, Chorthippus parallelus (Zetterstedt), C. biguttulus (L.), and Gomphocerus rufus (L.), were studied between 1979 and 1984. Larval consumption is relatively low in C. biguttulus (C=4.3 kJ/ind.) compared with C. parallelus and G. rufus (4.9 kJ/ind.). In the adult phase (maturity) consumption rates of C. biguttulus and G. rufus (6.9 kJ/ind.) are similar, but higher in C. parallelus (7.3 kJ/ind.). The energy content decreases from the egg (23.2-24.3 J/mg dw) and body tissue (22.1-23.2 J/mg dw) to faeces (16.6-18.1 J/mg dw). The energy contents of faeces differ significantly between the species, indicating different rates of food conversion (on Dactylis glomerata). On average, the assimilation rates are about 30%, slightly lower in G. rufus. Approximate digestibility (A/C) ranges from 28.2 (G. rufus) to 35.7 (C. biguttulus) without great differences between larvae and adults. In contrast, the efficiency of conversion of ingested food (P/C) differs significantly between larval (10-11) and adult stages (3.4-3.6), and so to a much higher degree does the efficiency of conversion of digested food (P/A), from 30.3-33.5 in the larval to 9.5-14.9 in the adult period. Based on 5-year (C. parallelus) and 2-year studies (G. rufus) of the population dynamics and life tables, the energy budgets of wild populations were calculated and summarized into diagrams. Depending on the annually fluctuating densities, in both populations about 1%-2% of net primary production was consumed, and another 5%-9% was cut and dropped. The proportion of production of the grasshopper populations (body tissue) used for egg production differs in C. parallelus (28%) and G. rufus (44%). The energy cycling owing to energy storage in the living eggs amounts to 2%-3% of the total energy consumed by the population. The results are compared with the available data for grasshoppers in the literature.
1979年至1984年间，对中欧三种蝗虫——平行线蝗（Chorthippus parallelus (Zetterstedt)）、双斑蝗（C. biguttulus (L.)）和红胫小车蝗（Gomphocerus rufus (L.)）的实验室种群和野生种群的生物量、能量收支及食物利用效率进行了研究。与平行线蝗和红胫小车蝗（4.9千焦/个体）相比，双斑蝗幼虫的食量相对较低（C = 4.3千焦/个体）。在成虫期（成熟期），双斑蝗和红胫小车蝗的摄食率（6.9千焦/个体）相似，但平行线蝗的摄食率更高（7.3千焦/个体）。能量含量从卵（23.2 - 24.3焦耳/毫克干重）和身体组织（22.1 - 23.2焦耳/毫克干重）降至粪便（16.6 - 18.1焦耳/毫克干重）。不同物种粪便中的能量含量差异显著，表明食物转化速率不同（以鸭茅为食）。平均而言，同化率约为30%，红胫小车蝗略低。近似消化率（A/C）范围从28.2（红胫小车蝗）到35.7（双斑蝗），幼虫和成虫之间差异不大。相比之下，摄入食物的转化效率（P/C）在幼虫期（10 - 11）和成虫期（3.4 - 3.6）差异显著，消化食物的转化效率（P/A）差异更大，从幼虫期的30.3 - 33.5降至成虫期的9.5 - 14.9。基于对平行线蝗种群动态和生命表的5年研究以及对红胫小车蝗的2年研究，计算了野生种群的能量收支并汇总成图表。根据每年波动的密度，两个种群消耗的净初级生产量约为1% - 2%，另有5% - 9%被啃食并掉落。用于产卵的蝗虫种群生产量（身体组织）比例在平行线蝗中为28%，在红胫小车蝗中为44%。由于活卵中的能量储存导致的能量循环占种群消耗总能量的2% - 3%。将结果与文献中蝗虫的现有数据进行了比较。
