Reich P B, Oleksyn J, Tjoelker M G
Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 N. Cleveland Ave., 55108, St. Paul, MN, USA.
Oecologia. 1994 Feb;97(1):82-92. doi: 10.1007/BF00317911.
Light-saturated net photosynthesis (A), dark respiration (RD), and foliar nutrient content of eight European Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) provenances were measured at experimental sites in western Poland. Two-year-old seedlings were planted in 1984 at two sites with similar soils in areas of contrasting air pollution. One site was near a point source of SO and other pollutants, and another 12 km to the southeast in an area free of acute air pollution was treated as a control. The eight provenances were from a large north-tosouth latitudinal range (60 to 43° N). At the heavily polluted site Scots pine trees exhibited lower growth rates and crown dieback and deformation. Soil pH, Ca and Mg were at least 10 times lower, and Al 10 times higher at the polluted than the control site. In 1991, concentrations of Al, P, Ca, S, Mn, Fe, and Zn in oneyear old Scots pine foliage were higher and Mg lower at the polluted than control site. At both sites foliar Mg levels were within the range considered deficient (≤0.6 mg g), and at the polluted site, Al concentrations were very high (670 to 880 μg g). In all provenances, RD of one-year-old needles was higher (by 22% on average) and A was lower (by 37% on average) at the polluted than the control site. The ratio of A: RD was half as great in all provenances at the polluted (4 to 6) than control site (8 to 11). Provenances of southern origin had greater increases in RD and water-use efficiency at the polluted site than other provenances. Within the polluted site alone, or across both sites, A in Scots pine was negatively correlated to the Al: Ca ratio (p<0.001, r=-0.93). Across sites RD increased with needle N and Al (multiple regression, p<0.001). The data suggest that at the polluted site there is excessive soil Al and deficient Mg availability, low needle Mg and high Al concentrations and high Al: Ca ratios, and that these have resulted in reduced photosynthetic capacity and increased respiration.
在波兰西部的试验场地，对八个欧洲苏格兰松（Pinus sylvestris L.）种源的光饱和净光合作用（A）、暗呼吸（RD）和叶片养分含量进行了测定。1984年，在空气污染程度不同地区的两个土壤条件相似的场地种植了两年生幼苗。一个场地靠近二氧化硫和其他污染物的点源，另一个位于东南方向12公里处的无急性空气污染地区作为对照。这八个种源来自较大的北纬范围（60至43°N）。在污染严重的场地，苏格兰松树的生长速率较低，树冠出现枯死和变形。污染场地的土壤pH值、钙和镁含量至少比对照场地低10倍，而铝含量则高10倍。1991年，污染场地一岁苏格兰松针叶中的铝、磷、钙、硫、锰、铁和锌浓度高于对照场地，而镁浓度则低于对照场地。在两个场地，叶片镁水平均处于被认为缺乏的范围内（≤0.6毫克/克），在污染场地，铝浓度非常高（670至880微克/克）。在所有种源中，污染场地一岁针叶的RD较高（平均高22%），A较低（平均低37%）。在污染场地（4至6），所有种源的A:RD比值是对照场地（8至11）的一半。南部起源的种源在污染场地的RD和水分利用效率的增加幅度大于其他种源。仅在污染场地内或两个场地之间，苏格兰松的A与铝:钙比值呈负相关（p<0.001，r=-0.93）。跨场地RD随着针叶氮和铝含量的增加而增加（多元回归，p<0.001）。数据表明，在污染场地存在土壤铝过量和镁有效性不足、针叶镁含量低和铝浓度高以及铝:钙比值高的情况，这些导致了光合能力下降和呼吸作用增强。
