Carlo Gustavo, Crockett Lisa J, Wolff Jennifer M, Beal Sarah J
University of Missouri.
University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
Soc Dev. 2012 Nov;21(4):667-685. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9507.2012.00660.x. Epub 2012 Apr 26.
This study was designed to examine the roles of emotional reactivity, self-regulation, and pubertal timing in prosocial behaviors during adolescence. Participants were 850 sixth graders (50% female, Mean age = 11.03, = .17) who were followed up at age 15. In hierarchical regression models, measures of emotional reactivity, self-regulation, pubertal timing and their interactions were used to predict (concurrently and over time) adolescents' prosocial behaviors in the home and with peers. Overall, the findings provide evidence for pubertal and temperament based predictors of prosocial behaviors expressed in different contexts. Self-regulation was positively related to both forms of prosocial behavior, concurrently and longitudinally. Emotional reactivity showed moderately consistent effects, showing negative concurrent relations to prosocial behavior with peers and negative longitudinal relations (four years later) to prosocial behavior at home. Some curvilinear effects of temperament on prosocial behaviors were also found. Effects of pubertal timing were found to interact with gender, such that boys who were early maturers showed the highest levels of prosocial behavior at home concurrently. Discussion focuses on the role of temperament-based mechanisms in the expression of prosocial behaviors in different contexts in adolescence.
本研究旨在探讨情绪反应性、自我调节和青春期时间在青少年亲社会行为中的作用。研究参与者为850名六年级学生（50%为女性，平均年龄 = 11.03，标准差 = 0.17），他们在15岁时接受了随访。在分层回归模型中，情绪反应性、自我调节、青春期时间及其相互作用的测量指标被用于预测（同时期和随时间推移）青少年在家庭中和与同伴相处时的亲社会行为。总体而言，研究结果为不同情境下亲社会行为的青春期和气质基础预测因素提供了证据。自我调节与两种形式的亲社会行为在同时期和纵向均呈正相关。情绪反应性表现出适度一致的影响，与同伴间的亲社会行为呈负的同时期关系，与四年后的家庭亲社会行为呈负的纵向关系。还发现了气质对亲社会行为的一些曲线效应。青春期时间的影响与性别存在交互作用，早熟男孩在家庭中同时期的亲社会行为水平最高。讨论聚焦于基于气质的机制在青少年不同情境下亲社会行为表达中的作用。
