McDermott John, Wyatt Amanda J
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2017 Mar;1392(1):30-42. doi: 10.1111/nyas.13319.
Improving nutrition is a development priority, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Africa and South Asia, in which there is a persistent burden of undernutrition and increasing obesity. Healthy food systems can play a necessary role, aligned with other multisectoral actions, in addressing this challenge. Contributing to improved nutrition and health outcomes through food-based solutions is complex. In considering the role that pulses can play in addressing this challenge, there are useful conceptual frameworks and emerging lessons. National food systems in LMICs provide limited diet quality. Foods for a healthy diet may be produced locally, but they increasingly rely on improved markets and trade. What might be done to transform food systems for healthier diets, and what role can pulses play? Food systems innovations will require a convergence of technical innovation with smarter institutional arrangements and more effective policies and regulations. In many countries in Africa and South Asia, pulses can make important contributions to healthier diets. Options for supporting pulses to make a greater contribution to healthier diets include increasing the efficiency of pulse supply chains, creating more effective public-private institutional arrangements for innovation, and establishing policies, regulations, and investments that are nutrition sensitive.
改善营养是一项发展重点，尤其是在非洲和南亚的低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs），这些国家存在持续的营养不良负担且肥胖问题日益严重。健康的食物系统可以与其他多部门行动协同，在应对这一挑战中发挥必要作用。通过基于食物的解决方案来改善营养和健康状况是复杂的。在考虑豆类在应对这一挑战中所能发挥的作用时，有一些有用的概念框架和新出现的经验教训。低收入和中等收入国家的国家食物系统提供的饮食质量有限。健康饮食所需的食物可能在当地生产，但它们越来越依赖于改善后的市场和贸易。为了使食物系统转变为更健康的饮食模式可以采取哪些措施，豆类又能发挥什么作用？食物系统创新将需要技术创新与更明智的制度安排以及更有效的政策法规相结合。在非洲和南亚的许多国家，豆类可以为更健康的饮食做出重要贡献。支持豆类为更健康的饮食做出更大贡献的选择包括提高豆类供应链的效率、建立更有效的公私合营创新制度安排，以及制定对营养敏感的政策、法规和投资。
