Sledz Wojciech, Zoledowska Sabina, Motyka Agata, Kadziński Leszek, Banecki Bogdan
Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
Acta Biochim Pol. 2017;64(1):151-159. doi: 10.18388/abp.2016_1389. Epub 2017 Mar 17.
Animal manures are routinely applied to agricultural lands to improve crop yield, but the possibility to spread bacterial phytopathogens through field fertilization has not been considered yet. We monitored 49 cattle, horse, swine, sheep or chicken manure samples collected in 14 Polish voivodeships for the most important plant pathogenic bacteria - Ralstonia solanacearum (Rsol), Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc), Pectobacterium atrosepticum (Pba), Erwinia amylovora (Eam), Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (Cms) and Dickeya sp. (Dsp). All of the tested animal fertilizers were free of these pathogens. Subsequently, the growth dynamics of Pba, Pcc, Rsol, and Xcc in cattle, horse, swine, sheep and chicken manures sterilized either by autoclaving or filtration was evaluated. The investigated phytopathogens did not exhibit any growth in the poultry manure. However, the manure filtrates originating from other animals were suitable for microbial growth, which resulted in the optical density change of 0.03-0.22 reached within 26 h (48 h Rsol, 120 h Xcc), depending on bacterial species and the manure source. Pcc and Pba multiplied most efficiently in the cattle manure filtrate. These bacteria grew faster than Rsol and Xcc in all the tested manure samples, both the filtrates and the autoclaved semi-solid ones. Though the growth dynamics of investigated strains in different animal fertilizers was unequal, all of the tested bacterial plant pathogens were proven to use cattle, horse, swine and sheep manures as the sources of nutrients. These findings may contribute to further research on the alternative routes of spread of bacterial phytopathogens, especially because of the fact that the control of pectionolytic bacteria is only based on preventive methods.
动物粪便通常被施用于农田以提高作物产量，但通过田间施肥传播细菌性植物病原体的可能性尚未得到考虑。我们监测了在波兰14个省收集的49份牛、马、猪、羊或鸡的粪便样本，检测其中最重要的植物致病细菌——茄科劳尔氏菌（Rsol）、野油菜黄单胞菌野油菜致病变种（Xcc）、胡萝卜软腐果胶杆菌胡萝卜软腐亚种（Pcc）、黑胫果胶杆菌（Pba）、梨火疫欧文氏菌（Eam）、密执安棒形杆菌环腐亚种（Cms）和迪基氏菌属（Dsp）。所有测试的动物肥料均未检测到这些病原体。随后，评估了通过高压灭菌或过滤灭菌的牛、马、猪、羊和鸡粪便中Pba、Pcc、Rsol和Xcc的生长动态。所研究的植物病原体在家禽粪便中未表现出任何生长。然而，源自其他动物的粪便滤液适合微生物生长，根据细菌种类和粪便来源，在26小时内（Rsol为48小时，Xcc为120小时）光密度变化达到0.03 - 0.22。Pcc和Pba在牛粪滤液中繁殖效率最高。在所有测试的粪便样本（滤液和高压灭菌的半固体样本）中，这些细菌的生长速度都比Rsol和Xcc快。尽管所研究菌株在不同动物肥料中的生长动态不同，但所有测试的细菌性植物病原体均被证明能够利用牛、马、猪和羊粪便作为营养来源。这些发现可能有助于进一步研究细菌性植物病原体的其他传播途径，特别是因为对果胶分解细菌的控制仅基于预防方法。
