Fernández-Cruz Tania, Martínez-Carballo Elena, Simal-Gándara Jesús
Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, 32400 Ourense, Spain.
J Chromatogr A. 2017 Apr 28;1495:1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.010. Epub 2017 Mar 8.
The early exposure to organic pollutants (OPs) related to dietary habit or environmental exposure is a concern of growing interest in environmental health. When OPs enter the body, they can accumulate in fatty tissue and even travel through the bloodstream being able to cross the placenta and reach the fetus through the substance exchange between the mother and the child. Epidemiologic and clinical data affirm that these chemicals increase the risk of adverse effects during childhood. This article reviews and addresses one of the most relevant analytical methods for determining OPs in placenta. We discuss and critically evaluate procedures, such as solid-liquid and selective pressurized liquid extraction (SPLE). Clean-up of extracts was performed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) using EZ-POP cartridges. Detection of OPs was carried out by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Recoveries ranged from 52% to 94% by SPLE with estimated quantification limits between 0.15 and 2.2ng/g for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), between 0.083 and 0.50 for organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), between 0.025 and 0.15ng/g for polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs), between 0.015 and 0.10ng/g for polybromodiphenyl ethers (PBDEs), between 0.33 and 0.66ng/g for pyrethroids and between 0.022 and 0.87ng/g for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Most of the target OPs were detected in twenty real placenta samples studied, with pyrethroids, PAHs and OPPs representing most of the 90% of OPs with means of 13-18ng/g versus PCBs, OCPs, and PBDEs with means <4.0ng/g. The rsults of this work indicate a prenatal exposure to OPs in Galicia.
早期因饮食习惯或环境暴露而接触有机污染物（OPs）是环境卫生领域日益受到关注的问题。当有机污染物进入人体后，它们会在脂肪组织中蓄积，甚至能够通过血液循环，经母婴之间的物质交换穿过胎盘并到达胎儿体内。流行病学和临床数据证实，这些化学物质会增加儿童期出现不良反应的风险。本文综述并探讨了测定胎盘中有机污染物的一种最相关的分析方法。我们讨论并严格评估了诸如固液萃取和选择性加压液体萃取（SPLE）等程序。提取物的净化通过使用EZ-POP柱的固相萃取（SPE）进行。有机污染物的检测通过气相色谱（GC）与串联质谱（MS/MS）联用进行。采用选择性加压液体萃取法时回收率在52%至94%之间，有机氯农药（OCPs）的估计定量限在0.15至2.2纳克/克之间，有机磷农药（OPPs）为0.083至0.50，多氯联苯（PCBs）为0.025至0.15纳克/克，多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）为0.015至0.10纳克/克，拟除虫菊酯为0.33至0.66纳克/克，多环芳烃（PAHs）为0.022至0.87纳克/克。在所研究的20份真实胎盘样本中检测到了大多数目标有机污染物，其中拟除虫菊酯、多环芳烃和有机磷农药占有机污染物总量的90%以上，平均含量为13 - 18纳克/克，而多氯联苯、有机氯农药和多溴二苯醚的平均含量<4.0纳克/克。这项工作的结果表明加利西亚地区存在胎儿期有机污染物暴露情况。
